Explore NCERT Solutions

Chapter Review:

---

• Completely destroying the forest for fulfilling the specific purpose of wood or land is known as deforestation. 
• The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall. This could cause droughts.
• Gradually the fertile land gets converted into deserts. It is called desertification.
• Areas where animals are protected from any disturbance to them and their habitat is called Sanctuary.
• Areas reserved for wild life where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources are called National Park.
• Large areas of protected land for conservation of wild life, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area is called Biosphere Reserve.
• The plants and animals found in a particular area are termed flora and fauna of that area.
• Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area. 
• Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants.
• When any bird or animal covers a long distance to go another place living for sometimes. This is known as migration.
• Endangered species are those which are facing the danger of extinction.
• Reforestation is the restocking of destroyed forests by planting new trees.

Exercise - Question:

---

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called ..............

(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as .............

(c) Migratory birds fly to far away places because of........... changes.

Answer :

(a) wildlife sanctuary

(b) biodiversity

(c) climatic.

2. Differentiate between the following:

(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve.

(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary.

(c) Endangered and extinct species.

(d) Flora and fauna.  

Answer : 

(a) Differance between wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve :

Wildlife Sanctuary

(i) This is an area where wild animals are protected and preserved.

(ii) Wildlife sanctuary is a place found in biosphere reserves.

(iii) Bori and Panchmarci are two wildlife sanctuaries in Panchmarhi biosphere.   

Biosphere Reserve 

(i) It helps to maintain the biodiversity and culture of the area. 

(ii) A biosphere reserve may also contain other protected areas like wildlife sanctuary.

(iii) Panchmarhi, for example, is a biosphere reserve.

(b) Differnces betweeen zoo and wildlife sanctuary :

Zoo   

(i) It is a place where we protect animal. 

(ii) Here artificial surroundings are made for animal in place of natural habitas.

(iii) Here animal are suppplied prepared fod here.

Wildlife sanctuary 

(i) Here, too, wild animal are preserved.

(ii) They live in their natural habitats. 

(iii) They get their food from from forests (sanctuaries) them selvs. the food is fresh.

(c) Differences between endangered and extinct species :

Endangered Species

(i) These are those species which are facing the danger of extinction.

(ii) Tiger is an example of an endangered species.

Extinct Species 

(i) They ae the species which have already vanished from earth.

(ii) Dinosaurs is an example of extinct species.

(d) Differences  between flora and fauna : 

Flora 

(i) Flora are the plants found in a particular region. 

(ii) Sal, teak, mango, jamun, silver ferns, arjun, etc. are the example, of flora.

Fauna 

(i) Fauna are the plants animals found in a particular region.

(ii) chinkara, blue-bull, barking deer, cheetal, leopard, wild dog and wolf are the examples of fauna.   

3. Discuss the effects of defotation on the following:

(a) Wild animals

(b) Environment

(c) Villages (Rural areas)

(d) Cities (Urban areas)

(e) Earth

(f) The next generation

Answer : (a) Wild animals :

They won^,t get their natural habitat and surroundings, as well as food. So either they will extinct or reach at the verge of extinction or they will migrate to another forest. In course of their migration, they might be killed by humans.

(b) Environment :

Climatic changes disturb the ennvironment. Global warming is causeddue to accumulation of carbon dioxide. Because of caused due to accumulation of carbon dioxide. Because of deforestation and increase in the tempreture on earth, watercycle will get disturbed and the reduced rainfall will cause droughts.

(c) Villages (rural area) : 

Villlagere cannot grow food (crops) because of no rain. So drought situations will prevail. Many poor villagers may die for want of food. The villagers will move to towns and cities and villlages will be completely deserted.

(d) Cities :

Cities flooded with drought-affected villagers, will disturb the environment. Food-grains will eiter not available, they will be costlier. The people will also not get wood for making furnitures and buildings.
(e) Earth :

Deforestation is a major cause which leads to change in the soil properties. Physical properties of the soil will get affected badly. Soil erosion caused due to floods will remove the top layer of soil.The remaining part of soil will have less humas and thus less fertile. Gradually the land will get converted into desert. In the other hand the snow of the mountains will melt due to the global warming, and many cities will be flooded causing disastour.

(f) The next generation :

The next generation will either be extinct or if at all it exists, they will suffer from diseases and face life without food. So, the next generation will be ill, weak and, consequently, face extinction. 

4. What will happen if:

(a) we go on cutting trees.

(b) the habitat of an animal is disturbed.

(c) the top layer of soil is exposed.

Answer: (a) If we go on cutting trees, then following situation will arrive (i) The climatic change will affect the enviroment due to global warming and no there will be rain. 

(ii) The soil will became unfertile due to reagular flooding of top soil. Consequently the land will become desert.

(b) If the habitat of an animal is disturbed, the animal may not be in position of getting its natural habitat as well as food. So, in the long run, the animal will face extinction.

(c) Removal of top layer of soi by floods and heavy winds will expose the lower hard and rockey layers. This oil has less humus and less fertility. So, grandually the fertile land will be converted into desert.  

5. Answer in brief:

(a) Why should we conserve biodiversity?

Answer : If the biodiversity is not conserved, the life existing on earth, their interrelationships and their relationshipes with the enviroment will be disturbed, which will affect the lives on earth adversely.  

(b) Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals. Why?

Answer : It is because despite all these the poachers keep killing or capturing the animals in these forests.That is why protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals. 

(c) Some tribals depend on the jungle. How?

Answer : some tribals live in the jungle. Jungle provides them food and protection. That is why, they are fully depended upon the forest.

(d) What are the causes and consequences of deforestation?

Answer : Causes of deforestation :

(i) Procuring land for cultivation. (ii) Building housesand factories.

(iii) Making furniture or usig wood as fuel. (iv) Some natural causes like forest fire and severe drought.

Consequences of deforestation : (i) Global warming which disturbs the water cycle and reduces rainfall. Ultimately, drought is caused. (ii) Soil erosion and desertification of land due to frequent floods. (iii) Melting of snow on the poles, which causes flooding of seas and oceans causing destruction of cities and towns by the sides of seas and oceans.      

(e) What is Red Data Book?

Answer : Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all endangered animals and plants.  

(f) What do you understand by the term migration?

Answer : Migration is the phenomenon of movement of species from its own habitat to some other habitat to some other habitat for particular time period every year for change of climate and for the purpose of breeding. 

Q6. In order to meet the ever - increasing demand in actories aned for shelter, tree are being continually cut. Is it justified to cut trees or such projects? Discuss and prepare a brief report.

Answer: 

Of coures, to meet the ever - increasing demand in factories and for shelter, trees are being continually cut, which is not justified at all. If one tree is cut, at least five trees should be grown so that reorestation process may remain continuous. But, if tress are cut blindly and no trees are planted then the earth may face global warming, no rainfall, climatic change, soil erosion and desertification, etc. So, cuttingt trees for any reson at all is not justified.

Q7. How can you contribute to the maintenance of green wealth of your locality? Make a list of actions to be taken by you.

Answer: 

For the maintenance of the green wealth of my locality, I will prefer reforestation in the locality.

I shall start a campaign, along with my friends, to make the people of the locality aware of the importance of threes/plants. Once the people become conscious of the importance of plants, they will be requested to do the following:

(i) Every member of each family should plant at least one tree in the monsoon monthand take care of them.

(ii) During summer, they should assure watering of the plants everyday.

(iii) On the occasion of birthday, marriage ceremony and other happy occasions, they should gift their friends and relatives a plant in place of costly gifts. 

(iv) On national hoildays, a seminar should be arranged to discuss subjects like importance of plants, environment restoration, biodiversity, etc.

Q8. Explain how deforestation leads to reduced rainfall?

Answer:

Deorestation leads to accumulation of CO₂ in the atmosphere which results in global warming as CO₂ traps the heat of the sunrays. The increase in temperature on earth will disturd the water cycle and reduce rainfall, causing drought in the region.

Q9. Find out about the national parks in your state. Identify and show their location on the outline map of India.

Answer: 

I am a resident of Delhi. There is no national park in this state. However three national parks - Ranthambhor, Bharatpur and sariska are located in Rajasthan, which is close to Delhi. These are shown in the map given below.

Q10. Why should paper be saved Prepare a list of the ways by which you can save paper.

Answer:

Manufacturing of paper needs trees. By cutting trees, deforestation is caused which disturbs the balance in nature. If paper is saved or recyvled, many trees can be saved. Peper can be saved by recycling. paper can be recycled for 5 - 7 times and can be used. If everyone who uses paper, could save at least one sheet of paper in a day, we can save many trees in a years. we should save and reuse the used paper and recycle it. By following these steps we can save not only the trees. but also the energy and water needed for manufacturing paper.

Q11. Complete the word puzzle.

Down

1. Species on the verge of extinction.

2. A book carrying information about extinct specie.

5. Consequence of deforestation.

Across

1. Species which have vanished.

3. Species found only in a particular habitat.

4. variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.

Answer:

 

 

Text Book Exercise: 

---

6. In order to meet the ever-increasing demand in factories and for shelter, trees are being continually cut. Is it justified to cut trees for such projects? Discuss and prepare a brief report.

Answer : Of coure, to meet the ever-increasing demand in factories and for shelther, trees are being continually cut, which is not justified at all. If one tree is cut, at least five trees should be grown so that reforestation procees will remain continous. But, if trees are cut blindly and no trees are planted then the earth will face global warming, no rainfall, cimate change, soil erosion and desertififcation, etc. So, cutting trees for any reason at all is not justified.

7. How can you contribute to the maintenance of green wealth of your locality? Make a list of actions to be taken by you.

Answer : For the maintenance of the green wealth of my locality, I will prefer reforeatation in the locality. I shall start a campaign, along with my friends, to make the people of the locality awere of the important of trees/plants. Once the people become conscious of the importante of plants, they will be requested to do the following :

(i) Each member of each family should plant at least one tree in the monsoon month and take care of the trees.

(ii) During summer, they should assure watering of the plant everyday.

(iii) On the occasionof birthday, marriage ceremony and other happy occasion, they should gift their friends and relatives a plant in place of costly gifts.

(iv) On national holidays, a seminar should be arrange to discuss subjests like importance of plants, environment restoration, biodiversity, etc.

8. Explain how deforestation leads to reduced rainfall.

Answer : Deforeation leads to accumulation of CO₂ in the atmosphere which results in global warming as CO₂ traos earth will disturb he water cycle and reduce rainfall, causing drought in region.

9. Find out the information about the national parks in your state. Identify and show their location on the outline map of India.

Answer : I am a resident of Delhi. Here there is noot any national park. However the location of three national parkes  Ranthambone, Bharatpur and Sariska of nearby state Rajastan is shown in the map given below. 

10. Why should paper be saved? Prepare a list of ways by which you can save paper.

Answer :  Manufactureing of paper needs trees. by cutting trees, deforestation is caused. If paper is saved or recycled, so many trees can be saved. To make one tonne of paper, 17 full grown trees are to be cut. Therefore, to stop deforestation, we should save paper. It can be saved by recycling. Paper can be recycled for 5-7 times and can be used. If everyone who uses paper, could save at least one sheet of paper in a day, we can save many trees in a year. We should save and reuse used paper and recycle it. By this we can not only save trees but also save energy and water needed for manufacturing paper. 

Conservation of Plant and Animals

---

Ques: What are the main causes of deforestation?

Ans: The main causes of deforestation are as below;

(i) Procuring land for cultivation.

(ii) Building houses and factories.

(iii) Making furniture or using wood as fuel

(iv) Heavy droughts

Ques: What is deforestation?

Ans: Completely destroying the forest for fulfilling the specific purpose of wood or land is known as deforestation.

Ques: What results may occur of deforestation?

Ans: Results of deforestation;

(i) Deforestation increases the temperature and pollution level on the earth.

(ii) It increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

(iii) Ground water level also gets lowered.

(iv) Deforestation disturbs the balance in nature.

(v) Cutting of trees continues, rainfall and the fertility of the soil will decrease.

(vi) Three will be increased chances of natural calamities such as floods and droughts.

Ques: What is the cause of droughts?

Ans: The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall. This could cause droughts.

Ques: Name that gas which absorbs heat radiations produced by the earth.

Ans: Carbon dioxide.

Ques: Define desertification.

Ans: Gradually the fertile land gets converted into deserts. It is called desertification.

Ques: What is Sanctuary?

Ans: Areas where animals are protected from any disturbance to them and their habitat.

Ques: What does biodiversity mean?

Ans: Biological diversity or biodiversity refers to the variety of organisms existing on the earth, their interrelationships and their relationship with the environment.

Ques: What are biosphere reserves the areas meant?

Ans: Biosphere reserves are the areas meant for conservation of biodiversity.

Ques: Define Biosphere Reserve.

Ans: Large areas of protected land for conservation of wild life, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area.

Ques: What is national park?

Ans: National Park : Areas reserved for wild life where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources.

 

Additional Questions With Solutions

---

Q12: Write two specific properties of biosphere Reserve.

Ans: Two specific properties of biosphere Reserve.

(i) The variety of plants, animals and microorganisms generally found in an area.

(ii) The biosphere reserves help to maintain the biodiversity and culture of that area.

Q13: What are flora and fauna?

Ans: The plants and animals found in a particular area are termed flora and fauna of that area.

Q14: What are Endemic species?

Ans: Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area.3

Q15: What will happen if; the habitat of an animal is disturbed?

Ans: If the habitat of an animal is disturbed this resulting in endanger their existence. At last the species of these animals may endemic species.

Q16: What will happen if; we go on cutting trees?

Ans: If we go on cutting trees it resulting in;

(i) Deforestation.

(ii) Increasing the temperature and pollution level on the earth.

(iii) It causes floods and droughts.

(iv) It is the main cause of soil erosion.

Q17: What will happen if; the top layer of soil is exposed?

Ans: If the top layer of soil is exposed it causes infertility of soil which affects the growth of plans and tree; it may cause desertification, which leads to exposure of the flora and fauna.

Q18: Answer in brief:

(i) Why should we conserve biodiversity?

Ans: We conserve biodiversity to keep balance in nature.

(ii) Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals. Why?

Ans: Protected forests are also not completely safe for wild animals as the people around this region destroy the forest.

(iii) Some tribals depend on the jungle. How?

(iv) What are the causes and consequences of deforestation?

Q19: What is Red Data Book?

Ans: Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants.

Q20: What do you understand by the term migration?

Ans: When any bird or animal covers a long distance to go another place living for sometimes. This is known as migration.