Pronouns| Definition | Kinds | Examples | English Grammarfg
Pronouns is well defined and its kind or types also given rules in both Hindi and English medium and exams tipds for english papers for cbse class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, articles, number, gender, case, pronoun, adverb, Verbs, degree of adjective, preposition, conjuction, interjection, auxillary verbs, modals, mood, removal of too, question tag, determiners, causative verbs, finite verbs, non-finite verbs, tenses, active voice, passive voice, narration, direct and indect speech, clauses.
CBSE Notes ⇒ Class th ⇒
Pronouns| Definition | Kinds | Examples | English Grammar
Pronouns
Introduction And Classifications
Pronoun
Pronoun: Pronoun is a word which is used instead of a noun.
Example: Gandhi ji was great leader of India. He always spoke the truth.
यहाँ Gandhi Ji के लिए He का प्रयोग हुआ है इसलिए He एक pronooun है |
कुछ pronoouns :
I, My, He, she, We, You, What, When, That, Each, everybody, they, them etc.
Pronouns के प्रकार :
(i) Personal pronouns
(ii) Distributive Pronouns
(iii) Reciprocal pronouns
(iv) Reflexive Pronouns
(v) Emphatic or Emphasizing pronouns
(vi) Demonstrative Pronouns
(vii) Indefinite Pronouns
(viii) Relative Pronouns
(ix) Interrogative Pronouns
(x) Exclamatory Pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns
personal pronouns का प्रयोग first person, second person और third person के लिए होता है |
(I) First person: वह व्यक्ति जो बोलता है | वह अपने लिए मैं (I) या हम (we) का प्रयोग करता है |
जैसे : I, my, me, We, our, us.
(II) Second Person: बोलने वाले के ठीक सामने वाला व्यक्ति या श्रोता second person कहलाता है | हम उसके लिए तुम या आप (You) का प्रयोग करते हैं |
जैसे : You, your, you.
(III) Third Person: जब दो व्यक्ति किसी किसी तीसरे व्यक्ति या व्यक्तियों के बारे में बात करते है तो वह तीसरा व्यक्ति third person कहलाता है | हम उसके लिए वह या वे (He/she या they ) का प्रयोग करते है |
जैसे : He, his, him, she, her, her, it, its, it, they, their, them.
Forms Of Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Singular |
Plural |
|||||
Persons | Subjective Case |
Possesive Case adjective /pronoun |
Objective Case | Subjective Case |
Possesive Case adjective /pronoun |
Objective Case |
Ist person | I | My/mines | Me | We | Our/ours | Us |
2nd Person | You | Your/yours | You | You | Your/yours | You |
3rd Person |
He She It |
His Her/hers Its |
Him Her It |
They | Their/theirs | Them |
(I) Subjective Or Nominative Case : If any pronoun is the subject of any verb then that pronoun is subjective case;
Eg:
I love my nation.
He works to keep himself fit.
You came here to meet me.
- Comparative Degree में than के बाद
He is better than I. [not me]
Geeta is more beautiful than she. [not her]
अक्सर than के बाद objective case का प्रयोग किया जाता है जो कि अशुद्ध है | ऐसा बोलचाल की भाषा में (informal) प्रयोग होता है |
- दो की तुलना में as का प्रयोग के बाद subjective case लगता है | जैसे -
She is as honest as I. [not me]
You are as clever as she. [not her]
(II) Objective Case : If any pronoun is the object of any verb then that pronoun is objective case;
Eg.
You help him.
Mohan missed you.
Rahul teach them.
My mother me tells a story.
- जब दो pronoouns conjuctions से जुड़कर verb का object बनाते है |
He sent me and you to study here.
- जब like या unlike का प्रयोग preposition के रूप में हो |
He looks like me.
She runs like you.
- Let के बाद objective case का प्रयोग होता है |
Let him go.
Let me alone.
Let her play.
- But तुरंत बाद except के अर्थ में |
None of these boys knew about their study but me.
(III) Possessive Case : my, our, your, his, her, their,its आदि possessive adjectives है जबकि mine, ours, yours, hers, theirs आदि possessive pronouns हैं |
इन वाक्यों की बनावट को देखिये :
Type-I
a. This is your bag.
b. He is my brother.
c. She is her sister.
d. Your book is thick.
e. Their garden is so beautiful.
ये सभी possessive adjectives हैं जो हमेशा nouns के पहले आते हैं |
Types -II
a. This house is yours.
b. Those dogs are mine.
c. This frock is hers.
d. This country is ours.
ये सभी possessive pronouns हैं इनके बाद nouns का प्रयोग नहीं होता है |
2. Distributive Pronouns
Distributive Pronouns: व्यक्तियों, वस्तुओं या समूहों में से किसी एक का ही बोध कराते है इसलिए ये सदैव singular number में ही प्रयुक्त होते हैं, ये है Each, Either, Neither etc.
Each का प्रयोग:
(i) दो या दो से अधिक व्यक्तियों, वस्तुओं या समूहों में से किसी एक का बोध करना हो |
जैसे-
Each of the five girls is absent from class.
Each of the students of this class has gone to appear in the examination.
(ii) मुख्य क्रिया से पहले :
You each goes to school daily.
They each took tea before lunch.
(iii) Helping Verbs के बाद :
We can each drive this car.
You are each lazy to work hard.
(iv) object के बाद Each और उसके बाद कोई phrase अवश्य रहना चाहिए |
जैसे -
I like them each as well wisher.
You support us each in every step of life.
He likes us each. {Incorrect sentence}
He likes each of us. {correct sentence}
Either का प्रयोग:
Either का प्रयोग सिर्फ दो में से " कोई एक " के अर्थ में किया जाता है दो या दो से अधिक के लिए नहीं जैसे -
Either of both of you has done this.
Either of these two girls is clever.
Either of these five boys is punished in the class. {Incorrect sentence}
यदि ऐसी स्थिति हो तो either के बजाय none का प्रयोग किया जाता है |
Any/Any one of these five boys is punished in the class. {correct sentence}
Neither का प्रयोग
Neither का प्रयोग "दो में से कोई नहीं" (not one nor the other) के अर्थ में होता है | जब दो वस्तुओं या व्यक्तियों में से किसी भी एक नहीं की बात हो तो neither का प्रयोग होता है |
Example:
(i) Neither of these two persons is victim.
(ii) Neither of the two apples is sweet.
(iii) Neither of the both girls is carefull.
(iv) He has bought two houses, but neither has sufficient space.
कई बार कुछ वस्तुएं दो होती ही है : उनके लिए neither लगाना ही उचित है |
Neither of your eyes is blind.
Neither of your hands is enjured.
जहाँ दो से अधिक वस्तुएँ हो तो : Neither की जगह none का प्रयोग करे :
जैसे - None of your five sisters is married.
None of these birds is parrot.
3. Reciprocal Pronouns
⇒Each other : दो के बीच |
⇒one another : दो से अधिक के बीच |
Such pronouns tell about interrelationship (reciprocal relationship) to each other or one another.
ये एक दुसरे से पारस्परिक सम्बन्ध बताते हैं |
प्रयोग :
(A) verbs या prepositions के object के रूप में -
(i) He and I know each other.
(ii) I and you help each other.
(iii) None of them know one another.
(iv) The people says that they always looked after one another.
(v) They never go accross one another.
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Compound Relative Pronouns:
कुछ pronouns में ever, so soever लगा होता है जिसे Compound Relative Pronouns कहते है | जैसे - Whoever, whosoever, whoso, whatever, whatsoever, whichever etc.
Whoever = जो कोई (Anyone who)
Whatever = जो कुछ(anything that)
whichever = जो कुछ (any that)
Examples:
(1) Whoever wins the match, I will give him a prize.
(2) whichever you have given him, please get back.
(3) whatever you think I know.
Rules and Important facts for Relative pronouns:
(i) Epecially, including, mainly, chiefly, namely, notably and particularly के तुरंत बाद relative clause का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है | बल्कि those का प्रयोग कर relative clause लगाया जाता है |
जैसे-
Incorrect use:
All the boys epecially who read in class eleventh, can have to repeat their syllabus.
Correct use:
All the boys epecially those who read in class eleventh, can have to repeat their syllabus.
Incorrect use:
I would like to talk about the persons mainly who know the truth should never hide themselves.
Correct use:
I would like to talk about the persons mainly those who know the truth should never hide themselves.
(ii) Relative clause जिस antecedent को इंगित करता है यदि वह principal clause का subject हो तो उसका personal pronoun को दुहराना नहीं चाहिए बल्कि उस पुरे clause को subject के रुप में प्रयोग करना चाहिए |
जैसे-
incorrect use:
The man who has been caught by the police he is thief.
Correct use:
The man who has been caught by the police is thief.
(iii) किसी antecedent और relative pronoun के बीच and का प्रयोग गलत होता है और इससे बचना चाहिए |
जैसे - This is the girl and who live in my neighbour. {incorrect use}
This is the girl who live in my neighbour. [Correct use]
(iv) यदि कोई relative pronoun किसी preposition से शुरू हो तो उस preposition को उसी अर्थ में दुहराना नहीं चाहिए |
The school in which I read in is closed. {incorrect use}
The school in which I read is closed. [Correct use]
topic 3
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Chapter Lists English Grammar
1. The Parts Of Speech
2. Noun
3. The Number
4. Gender
5. Case
6. Pronouns
7. Articles
8. Adverbs
9. Verbs
10. Adjectives
11. Degree of Adjectives
12. Prepositions
13. Conjunctions
14. Interjections
15. Auxiliary Verbs
16. Modals
17. Question tag
18. Removal of too
19. Determiners
20. Causative Verbs
21. Mood
22. Finite and Non-finite Verbs
23. Subject-Verb Concord/Agreement
24. Kinds of Sentences
25. Tenses
26. Voice ( Active and Passive)
27. Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech)
28. Clauses
29. Synthesis
30. Punctuation
31. Word Transformation
32. Homophones
33. Homonyms
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