Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech)| Definition | Kinds | Examples | English Grammarfg
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech) is well defined and its kind or types also given rules in both Hindi and English medium and exams tipds for english papers for cbse class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, articles, number, gender, case, pronoun, adverb, Verbs, degree of adjective, preposition, conjuction, interjection, auxillary verbs, modals, mood, removal of too, question tag, determiners, causative verbs, finite verbs, non-finite verbs, tenses, active voice, passive voice, narration, direct and indect speech, clauses.
CBSE Notes ⇒ Class th ⇒
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech)| Definition | Kinds | Examples | English Grammar
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech)
Introduction
Narration (कथन)
हमारी कही गयी बातें कथन (statement/speech) होती है | जिसे grammar की भाषा में Narraion कहा जाता है |
Narration दो प्रकार के होते हैं |
(i) Direct Speech: जब हम किसी की कही गयी speech को हुबहू (ठीक उसी प्रकार) रख देते है तो इस प्रकार के speech को direct speech कहते है |
जैसे : Mohan said to me, " I am going to play music."
मोहन ने मुझसे कहा, " मैं संगीत बजाने जा रहा हूँ |"
Ajay said to her, "You can lose your opportunity this time"
अजय ने उससे कहा, "तुम इस वक्त अपना मौका गँवा सकती हो |"
# यहाँ कही गयी speech को " " inverted commas में रखा गया है जो ठीक उसी प्रकार है जिस प्रकार कहने वाले ने उसे कहा था |
(ii) Indirect Speech: जब हम किस की कही गयी speech को हुबहू न कह कर उसके कथन (speech) को अपने तरीके से कहते है तो उस speech को indirect speech कहते हैं |
जैसे : Mohan told me that he was going to play music.
मोहन ने मुझसे कहा कि वह संगीत बजाने जा रहा है |
Ajay told her that she could lose her opportunity that time.
अजय ने उससे कहा कि वह उस वक्त अपना मौका गँवा सकती है |
# यहाँ speech और उसका कहने का तरीका बदल गया | लेकिन मूल बात वही है |
Direct speech के दो भाग होते है |
(i) Reporting verb
(ii) Reported speech
Pronouns को कैसे बदलें ?
Reported Speech अर्थात " " (inverted Commas) के अन्दर के Pronouns जैसे - I, We, you, my, He, She, it, They आदि को इस table की मदद से निम्न नियमों के अनुसार बदलें |
S O N
1 2 3
1st Person को subject के अनुसार बदलें |
2nd Person को object के अनुसार बदलें |
3rd Person में कोई बदलाव नहीं अर्थात No Changing.
Personal Pronouns
Singular |
Plural |
|||||
Persons | Subject | Possesive | Object | Subject | Possesive | Object |
Ist person | I | My | Me | We | Our | Us |
2nd Person | You | Your | You | You | Your | You |
3rd Person |
He She It |
His Her Its |
Him Her It |
They | Their | Them |
यदि reporting verb का Tense Past Tense में हो तो reported speech का Tense निम्नानुसार बदले, इस simple rule से Tense बदल जाता है :
(i) is/am/are ⇒ was/were में
(ii) was/were ⇒ had been में
(iii) has/have ⇒ had में
(iv) V1 ⇒ V2 में
(v) do not/does not ⇒ did not में
(vi) V2 ⇒ had + V3 में
(vii) can ⇒ could में
(viii) may ⇒ might में और
(ix) will/shall ⇒ would/should में बदले
Tense को बदलना :
उपरोक्त नियम के उपयोग से;
⇒ Present Indefinite को Past Indefinite में
⇒ Present Continuous को Past Continuous में
⇒ Present Perfect को Past Perfect में
⇒ Past Indefinite को Past Perfect में
⇒ Past Continuous को Past Perfect Continuous में बदल जायेगा |
Example 1:
I want (V1) a new pen. (Present Indefinite)
I wanted (V2) a new pen. (Past Indefinte)
# यहाँ want verb का first form को verb के second form wanted में सिर्फ बदल देने से पूरा tense बदल जाता है |
Example 2 :
I was taking rest. (Past Continuous Tense)
I had been taking rest. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
# यहाँ was को had been में बदल देने से Tense कैसे बदल गया ?
दूसरा उदाहरण:
He was (V2 को) ill today. (Past Indefinte)
He had been (had been में) ill today. (Past Perfect)
# यहाँ भी यही नियम कार्य करेगा | आपने देखा कि Past Indefinite का वाक्य was को had been में बदल देने से Past Perfect बन जाता है |
Example 3:
She does not live in Mumbai. (Presnet Indefinite)
She did not live in Mumbai. (Past Indefinite)
# यहाँ ऊपर के नियम apply कर सिर्फ Helping Verbs बदल देने से Tense बदल गया |
You are playing cricket. (Present Continuous Tense)
You were playing cricket. (Past Continuous Tense)
इसके साथ-साथ inverted commas के अंदर के इन शब्दों (words) को भी बदले |
Now ⇒then
today ⇒ that day
tonight ⇒ that night
Here ⇒ there
Hence ⇒ Thence
Yesterday ⇒ The previous day
tomorrow ⇒ The next day
This ⇒ that
These ⇒ Those
Interrogative Sentenses
2. Interrogative Sentenses:
Rules;
(1) said to क्व बदले asked या inquired लगाये |
(2) " " (inverted commas) के बदले Helping verb वाले Interrogative वाक्यों में if /wheather लगाये और W.H family वाले वाक्यों में W.H रहने दे |
(3) reported speech के interrogative वाक्य को Affirmative बनाये और Question marks (?) को हटा दे !
बाकि सभी नियम जैसे Pronouns और Tense बदलना पूर्व के भांति ही रहेगा, इसमें कोई बदलाव नहीं होगा |
Examples:
Helping Verb वाले वाक्य:
(i) He said to me, "Do you know him?"
He asked me if I knew him.
(ii) They said to us, "Are you Indian?"
They inquired us if we were Indian.
(iii) Raju said to her, "Can you lift this box?"
Raju asked her if she could lift that box.
(iv) Amar said to me, "Have you taken breakfast?"
Amar asked me if I had taken breakfast.
(v) My mother said to me, "Is this your book, which is laying on table."
My mother asked to me if that was my book which was laying on table.
Imperative Sentenses
3. Imperative Sentences
Rule;
(1) Imperative वाक्यों में reporting verb के said to को advised, ordered, Requested, prohibitted, forbaded या commanded लगाये | बाकि सभी पहले वाले ही नियम लागु होंगे | परन्तु to के बाद आने वाला verb अपने first form में ही रहेगा | इसका form नहीं बदलेगा |
(2) " " (inverted commas) के बदले Imerative वाक्यों में to या not to प्रयोग करे |
Examples:
(i) He said to me, "Go to school now."
He adviced me to go to school then.
(ii) She said to him, "Tell someone to stay here."
She adviced him to tell someone to stay here.
(iii) The teacher said to us, "Learn your lesson carefully."
The teacher adviced us to learn our lesson carefully.
(3) यदि वाक्य Don't से शुरू हो तो said to के बदले adivsed या ordered लगाये और " " (inverted commas) के बदले not to का प्रयोग करे |
Examples:
(i) He said to me, "Don't play music here."
He adviced me not to play music there.
(ii) The teacher said to him, "Don't be late in the class."
The teacher adviced him not to be late in the class.
(iii) My father said to me, "Don't play game on computer."
My father ordered me not to play game on computer.
या वाक्य के अनुसार said to के बदले forbaded या avoided या prohibbited का प्रयोग करे और " " (inverted commas) के बदले to का प्रयोग करे |
The same Examples:
(i) He said to me, "Don't play music here."
He prohibbited me to play music there.
(ii) The teacher said to him, "Don't be late in the class."
The teacher forbaded him to be late in the class.
(iii) My father said to me, "Don't play game on computer."
My father avoided me to play game on computer.
(4) Please वाले sentence में said to के बदले requested का प्रयोग करें एवं " " (inverted commas) के बदले to का प्रयोग करे | एवं वाक्य से please को हटा दे |
Examples:
(i) He said to me, "Please give me your pen."
He requested me to give him my pen.
(ii) She said to him, "Please wait for a moment."
She requested him to wait for a moment.
(iii) He said to us, "Please help me."
He requested us to help him.
Exercise 1:
1. My mother said to me, “Don’t go to market now.”
2. Raju said to him, “Give me a glass of water.”
3. My coach said to me, “Play carefully to win the match.”
4. Deepak said to her, “Don’t tell a lie to prove you.”
5. My driver said to me, “Drive this car for twenty kilometer.”
6. My friend said to me, “Use my pen till your exams.”
7. Her sister said to her, “Please don’t disturb me.”
8. He said to you, “Please stay here for a moment.”
9. Nidhi said to him, “Try yourself.”
10. My father said to me, “Come soon at home at night.”
11. The teacher said to us, “Always remember your task.”
12. The principal said to us, “Don’t be late at morning session.”
13. She said to the people, “Don’t mind on rumors.”
14. He said to kapil, “Don’t make a fun to anyone.”
15. Radha said to me, “Cut your hair and change your hair style.”
Exercise 2:
1. My mother said to me, “Go to market.”
2. The teacher said to her, “Learn your lesson.”
3. He said to me, “Please give me a pen.”
4. She said to him,”Drive this car.”
5. My friend said to me, “Don’t waste your time.”
6. Ajay said to Mohan, “Keep your promise.”
7. My brother said to me, “Don’t go to outside.”
8. She said to me, “run fast to win.”
Type 1
Type 1
For Class 8th Or Learners
Asserative Sentenses:
A. Change into Indirect speech of nirration.
- He said to me, “I am a good boy.”
- They said to us, “We are ready to go.”
- She said to me, “I am able to do anything.”
- He said to his friend, “I have many things to do.”
- She said to me, “I go to school daily.”
- Sita said to her mother, “I write a letter for father.”
- Saroj said to us, “I shall not prepare for these exams.”
- You said to me, “I was a poor boy.”
- He said to me, “I was not able to read.”
- She said to him, “I was the most beautiful girl of my school.”
- The teacher said to me, “I had broken my tray.”
- They said to us, “We were busy yesterday.”
- He said to her, “I shall kill you tomorrow.”
- His father said to me, “I will help you for ever.”
- His mother said to him, “I am just like your mother.”
- They said to me, “I have done my work.”
- He said to me, “I had finished my work.”
- She said to me, “I have spoiled his work.”
- You said to me, “I am the best of all.”
- The teacher said to us, “I shall allow to pass you.”
B. Change into Indirect speech of nirration.
- The doctor said to me, “You will be hospitalized soon.
- They said to him, “You can do your all the works.”
- He said to me, “You keep your word.”
- She said to me, “You love me very much.”
- They said to him, “You are going now.”
- The stranger said to me, “You will live with me.”
- Ram said to his sister, “You are my elder sister.”
- I said to my father, “You should not help him.”
- I said to my sister, “You eat your food.”
- He said to her, “You have lost my watch.”
- They said to us, “You were in trouble yesterday.”
- The doctor said to me, “I will hospitalize you soon.
- They said to him, “I can do your all the works.”
- He said to me, “I keep my word.”
- She said to me,” I love you very much.”
- They said to him, “We are going now.”
- The stranger said to me, “I shall live with you.”
- Ram said to his sister, “I am your elder brother.”
- I said to my father, “I should not help him.”
- I said to my sister, “I eat your food.”
C. Change into Indirect speech of nirration.
- They said to us, “We were in trouble yesterday.”
- The officer said to the peon, “I was not here.”
- The peon said to man, “I can not do your work.”
- My mother said to me, “I cook food daily for you.”
- My sister said to me, “I made coffee yesterday.”
- My coach said to me, “I am teaching you now.”
- Her mother said to her, “I was taking a chance for you.”
- Some ladies said to me, “we always support you.”
- He said to his father, “I am going to make suicide.”
- They said to me, “we shall have reached the station tomorrow.”
- I said to you, “I should not abuse him.”
- He said to me, “I shouted him.”
- She said to me, “I decided to see a movie.”
- He said to her, “I took much money yesterday.”
- You said to me, “I crossed the road by a wheele.”
D. Change into indirect speech of nirration:
(1) My father said to me, “I will not go to office today”.
(2) Meera said to me, “you do not help me in my work”.
(3) He said to her, “You are not a good artist”.
(4) Sonu said to his friend, “I send a letter to my friend yesterday”.
(5) Deepak said to me, “Two and two makes four”.
(6) I said to my mother, I shall not go to market now”.
(7) He said to me, “He was busy yesterday”.
(8) Moti said to his master, “You are not present in the meeting.”
(9) She said to the shopkeeper, “You do not have the objects that I need”.
(10) My friends said to me, “We are going to visit Shilma tomorrow”.
Interrogative Sentenses:
Type 2
Misclenious Exercise:
Exercise-1
(i) He said to me, "What is your name?"
(ii) My father said to me, "wait for me here."
(iii) Gopi said to me, "Can you lift this luggage?"
(iv) She said to me, "I have not taken breakfast."
Exercise-2
Type 3 (dialogue)
Type 3 (dialogue)
Dialogue Based:
Exercise -1
(i) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Ajay : Do you want to play with us?
Mohan : Yes, But I have been too late.
Ajay : It does not matter, come in the ground.
Mohan : Thanks.
Ajay asked Mohan if he wanted to play with them. Mohan replied him in positive and told that he had been too late. Further Ajay said that It did not matter and adviced him to come in the ground. Then Mohan thanked him.
(ii) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Sonu : What do you think now?
Shiela : I am thinking about my future.
Sonu : What is your future plan?
Shiela : I want to be a poltician.
(iii) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Ankit : Where are you going?
Atul : To the airport.
Ankit : May I drop you there in my car?
Atul : Thanks a lot. It will be a great help to me.
(iv) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Vinay : are you ready to die?
Kapil : Of course, if you support me.
Vinay : What support do you want?
Kapil : You will have to die before me to show the way.
(v) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Sonu : What makes you weep?
Rohan : Someone has stolen my wallet.
Sonu : Where did you keep it.
Rohan : In the back pocket of my trousers.
(vi) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Doctor : Since when do you fall ill?
Patient : Since 10 September 2009.
Doctor : What do you take in food?
Patient : I take bread and butter.
Doctor : You must not take butter. It will damage your liver.
Patient : O.K, thank you sir.
(vii) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Suraj : What do you think about your carrier?
Sanjana : I will do a computer course after twelve.
Suraj : will you do any job?
Sanjana : If my parents allow me.
(viii) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Renu : What do you want?
Shashi : I want to take rest.
Renu : Are you tired?
Shashi : Yes, I have done a lot of work.
(ix) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Teacher : Why are you late?
Sumit : I missed my school bus.
Teacher : Why didn’t you leave in time?
Sumit : Sorry, I will do so from tomorrow.
(x) Change the following dialogues in indirect speech of narration.
Doctor : SInce when are you facing headache?
Patient : I had felt it in the yesterday morning during morning walk.
Doctor : Have you ever felt it before ?
Patient : No, I have not felt such pain.
Type 4 (dialogue)
Dialogue: Exercise for Practice : 1
Q1. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Suman : when will you be of eighteen?
Geeta : I don’t know.
Suman : Do you not celebrate your birthday?
Geeta : I have no remembered this.
Suman asked Geeta (a) ______________ .
Geeta replied her (b) _______________ .
Suman asked further her if (c) ___________ her birthday. Geeta told her that (d) ___________.
Q2. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Sunil : Which dresses do you like more?
Abha : I like the dress which you presented at my birthday.
Sunil : go to rest now.
Abha : I will call you later.
Sunil asked Abha (a) __________________ .
Abha replied him (b) ___________________ at her birthday.
Sunil advised her (c) _____________________ .
Abha told him (d) ______________________ .
Q3. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Dany : may I use your pen?
Jimmy : it is empty.
Dany : Do you have another?
Jimmy : yes, but I am writing with it.
Dany asked Jimmy (a) ___________________ .
Jimmy told him (b) ______________________ .
Dany further asked him (c) _______________ .
Jimmy replied in positive and told him that (d) __________ with it .
Q4. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Sonu : How do you feel now?
Golu : I feel now better .
Sonu : Need you any help?
Golu : please bring a glass of water.
Sonu asked Golu (a) __________________ .
Golu replied sonu that (b) _______________ .
Sonu asked further him (c) _______________ .
Golu requested him (d) _________________ .
Q5. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Mother : look, I will say this to father.
Son : What is wrong?
Mother : You have not done your Hometask.
Son : I have kept it to show father.
Mother warned son (a) ________________________________ .
Son asked mother (b) _________________________________ .
Mother told him that (c) _________________________________ .
Son replied her (d) ___________________________________ .
Q6. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Komal : Do you learn your lesson?
Anand : I learn my lesson properly.
Komal : what have you learnt today?
Anand : I have learnt the science lesson.
Komal asked Anand (a) _______________ . Anand replied her (b) __________________. Komal asked again him (c) ______________. Anand told her that (d) ________________ .
Q7. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Sonu : When do you get up?
Amit : I get up at 7 a.m.
Sonu : Do you go for morning walk?
Amit : No, I am always late.
Sonu asked Amit (a) ____________________________ .
Amit told him (b) ______________________________ .
Sonu asked him again (c) __________________________ .
Amit replied him in negative and told that (d) _______________________ .
Q8. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Annu : Are you sure that this is your?
Varun : Surly this is mine.
Annu : Where did you bu6y it from?
Varun : I have bought from Agra.
Annu asked Varun (a) ___________ that that was his.
Varun replied with confident that (b) _____________.
Annu asked further him (c) ____________ it from.
Varun replied her (d) _____________ from Agra.
Q9. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Kavita : When do you want to go?
Mahesh: I will go at 9 A.M
Kavita : when will you return?
Mahesh: I can’t say.
Kavita asked Mahesh _____________ .
Mahesh replied him _______________ .
Kavita asked him further _____________ .
Mahesh told her ______________ .
Q10. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Arun : Where do you buy it?
Bibha: I buy it from market.
Arun : Do you sell it?
Bibha : I use it.
Arun asked Bibha (a) ___________________ .
Bibha replied him (b) ____________________ .
Arun asked again her (c) ____________________ .
Bibha told him (d) ____________________ .
Q11. Fill in the blanks the following dialogues to change into indirect speech of narration.
Ajay : Why are you picking out of window?
Amit : let come to see the matter.
Ajay : What is there?
Amit : Tell me, I am just trying to understand.
Ajay asked Amit (a) ---------------------- of window.
Amit suggested him that (b) ---------------------- the matter. Further Ajay asked him (c) --------------------- . Amit commanded him to tell him and told that (d) ----------------------------------- to understand.
Type 7 (Dialogue with options) Examination Based
Examination Based:
Dialogue with option:
Q1. Read the dialogues and choose the correct option for indirect form of speech.
Sunita : Do you play with him?
Anand : I often play.
Sunita : can you defeat him?
Anand : I always defeat.
Sunita asked Anand (a) _______________. Anand told her (b) ____________ . Sunita asked him again (c) ______________
Anand replied her simply that (d) ___________________.
(a) Choose the correct
(i) if she played with him.
(ii) if he played with him.
(iii) that he played with him
(iv) If he played with her.
(b) Choose the correct;
(i) that he often played.
(ii) that she often play.
(iii) that he does often play.
(iv) that she often played.
(c) Choose the correct;
(i) that you could defeat him.
(ii) If you could defeat him.
(iii) if he could defeat him.
(iv) if she could defeated him.
(d) Choose the correct;
(i) that I always defeated.
(ii) that he always defeated.
(iii) she always defeated.
(iv) he always defeated.
Type 8 (Dialogue with Options)
मेरा à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤ महान
मेरा à¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤ महान
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Chapter Lists English Grammar
1. The Parts Of Speech
2. Noun
3. The Number
4. Gender
5. Case
6. Pronouns
7. Articles
8. Adverbs
9. Verbs
10. Adjectives
11. Degree of Adjectives
12. Prepositions
13. Conjunctions
14. Interjections
15. Auxiliary Verbs
16. Modals
17. Question tag
18. Removal of too
19. Determiners
20. Causative Verbs
21. Mood
22. Finite and Non-finite Verbs
23. Subject-Verb Concord/Agreement
24. Kinds of Sentences
25. Tenses
26. Voice ( Active and Passive)
27. Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech)
28. Clauses
29. Synthesis
30. Punctuation
31. Word Transformation
32. Homophones
33. Homonyms
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