Explore NCERT Solutions

Chapter Review:

---

• The production of new individuals from their parents is known as reproduction.
• Most plants have roots, stems and leaves. These are called
  the vegetative parts of a plant.
• The modes of reproduction  (i) Asexual reproduction (ii)  Sexual reproduction. 
• A sexual reproduction in which plants are obtained from seeds.

• A asexual reproduction in which plants can give rise to new plants without seeds. 

• There are several methods of asexual reproduction such as
  fragmentation, budding, spore formation and vegetative propagation.

• The small bulb-like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called
  a bud.

• The stamens are the male reproductive part and the pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower.

• The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are
  called unisexual flowers.

• The flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called bisexual flowers.

• In sexual reproduction a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote.

• The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination.

• The pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-pollination.

• The pollen lands on the stigma of the another flower it is called cross-pollination.

• Pollination takes place in plants with the help of wind, water and insects.

• The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilisation.

Exercise 

---

Q1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called_____________.

(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called_____________.

(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _____________.

(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _____________.

(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____________, _____________ and _____________.

Answer:

(a) vegetative propagation.

(b) unisexual

(c) self pollination

(d) fertilisation

(e) air, water, insects  

Q2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.

Answer:

There are four different methods of asexual reproduction.

(i) Vegetative propagation: - In this the new plants are grown from vegetative parts of the plants like roots stems and leaves, since it is called Vegetative propagation. Ex: Potato, Sugarcane and rose.

(ii) Budding: - In yeast, there grow small bulb like projections called buds get detached from the parent cell and grow individuals. Ex: Yeast.

(iii) Fragmentation – Algae grow and multiply rapidly by fragmentation. An alga breaks up into two or more fragments. Ex; Algae.

(iv) Spore formation – Fungi reproduce by means of spores. A spore germinates and develops into a new individual. Ex; Fungi.

Q3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.

Answer:

Such process of reproduction in which male and female gamates participate for reproduction is called sexual reproduction. New plants are obtained from seeds. Seeds grow in fruits by sexual reproduction. There are two kinds of flowers unisexual and bisexual which has 

Q4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Answer:

Sexual	Asexual
(i) Male and female gemates participate for reproduction.	(i) The participates only single gemates.
(ii) New plants are given rise by seeds.	(ii) There new plants are grown without seeds.
(iii) There are found diveties in baby plants.	(iii) There are found less diveties in baby plants.

Q5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.

Q6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Answer:

If the pollen lands on the stigma of the same flowers it is called self-pollination.

When the pollen of a lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant, or that of the same kind, it is acalled pollination. 

Q7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?

Answer:

The cells which result after fusio of the gametes is called Zygote. The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilisation which takes place in ovary the zygote take develops into an embryo later which develops into seeds.

Q8. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.

Answer:

(i) By the air and water.

(ii) Through insects and animal or attached to their bodies.

(iii) Bursting with sudden jerks.

Q9. Match items in Column I with those in Column II:

Column I Column II

(a) Bud (i) Maple

(b) Eyes (ii) Spirogyra

(c) Fragmentation (iii) Yeast

(d) Wings (iv) Bread mould

(e) Spores (v) Potato (vi) Rose

Answer:

Column I	Column II
(a) Bud	(iii) yeast
(b) Eyes	(v) potato
(c) Fragmentation	(ii) spirogyara
(d) Wings	(i) Maple
(e) spores	(iv) bread mould

10. Tick (9) the correct answer:

(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the

(i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower

(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called

(i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formatio

 (c) Mature ovary forms the (i) seed (ii) stamen (iii) pistil (iv) fruit

(d) A spore producing plant is

(i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger

(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its

(i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower

Answer:

(a) - (iv) flower

(b) - (i) fertilisation

(c) - (iv) fruit

(d) - (iii) bread mould

(e) - (ii) leaves

Additional Question with solution:

---

Que: Write the differences between sexual and asexual method of reproduction.

Ans: Differences between sexual and asexual method of reproduction.

Sexual Reproduction : 

1. Male and female gametes participate for reproduction.

2. New plants are given rise by seeds.

3. There are found diversities in baby plants.

Asexual Reproduction : 

1. There participates only single gamete. 

2. There new plants are grown without seeds.

3. There are found less diversities in baby plants.

Que: Explain the differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination. 

Ans: The pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self – pollination, when the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant or that of a different plant of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination. 

Que: What is pollination? 

Ans:The transfer of pollen from another to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. 

Que: What is fertilisation? 

Ans:The process of fusion of male and female gamates is called fertilisation.

Que: Name a plant which reproduces a new plant through its leaves.

Ans:Brayophillum. 

Que: Name a organism which reproduces new one by budding method.

Ans: Yeast.  

Que: Write the difference between unisexual flower and bisexual flower. 

Ans:

unisexual flower bisexual flower

1. It contains either only the pistil or only the stamens. 

2. Example – Papaya, and cucumber. 1. It contains both stamens and pistil.

2. Example – mustard, rose and petunia etc. 

Que: Name three plants in which reproduction occur by vegetative propagation.

Ans:Potato, Rose and Sugarcane. 

Que: What is reproduction? 

Ans:The production of new individuals from their parents is known as reproduction. 

Que: How does dispersal of seeds take place?

                            Or

Que: Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed. 

Ans: Ans:Dispersal of seeds takes place by following methods.

(i) By the air and water.

(ii) Through Insects and animals or attached to their bodies.

(iii) Bursting with sudden jerks.  

Que: Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples. 

Ans:There are four different methods of asexual reproduction.

(i) Vegetative propagation: - In this the new plants are grown from vegetative parts of the plants like roots stems and leaves, since it is called Vegetative propagation. Ex: Potato, Sugarcane and rose. 

(ii) Budding: - In yeast, there grow small bulb like projections called buds get detached from the parent cell and grow individuals. Ex: Yeast.

(iii) Fragmentation – Algae grow and multiply rapidly by fragmentation. An alga breaks up into two or more fragments. Ex; Algae. 

(iv) Spore formation – Fungi reproduce by means of spores. A spore germinates and develops into a new individual. Ex; Fungi. 

Que: What is the reproductive part of a plant?

Ans:Flower. 

Que: What are the vegetative parts of plants?

Ans:Roots, stems and leaves.

Que: What are the modes of reproduction?

Ans: (i) Asexual reproduction.     (ii)  Sexual reproduction. 

Que: Define asexual reproduction.

Ans: Such a reproduction in which plants can give rise to new plants without seeds. 

Que: Define sexual reproduction.

Ans: Such a reproduction in which plants are obtained from seeds.

Que: Draw a labeled diagram of self pollination and cross pollination.

Ans: How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?

Ans: The cell which results after fusion of the gamates is called a zygote. The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization which takes places in ovary. The Zygote take develops into an embryo later which develops into seeds.                        

Extra Question:

---

Que:Why is the process of reproduction necessary? 

Ans: The process of reproduction is necessary for the perpetuation and preservation of species and to increasethe number of members of species.

Que: If the filament of spirogyra is broken into fragments. What will you oberve?

Ans: If the filament of spirogyra are broken into fragments, then each will develop into a new plant. 

Que: A flower consists of different parts. Name these parts of a flower.

Ans: The four main parts of a flower are:

(i) speals 

(ii) petals

(iii) stamen

(iv) pistil

Que: Name two plants where vegetative reporduction takes place by roots.

Ans: Sweet potato and dahila develops new plants through their roots by the process of vegatative reproduction.

Que: A yellow powdery substance is present in the anther which participates in reproduction process. Name this substance. 

Ans: Pollen grains.

Que: In which part of flower does fertillsation occur?

Ans: Ovary is the part where male and female gametes fuse together.

Que: Bryophyllum leaves reproduce using which made of reproduction.

Ans: Asexually by vegetative propagation.

Que: What are the bulb - like projections in yeasts?

Ans: The bulb - like projective formed during reproduction are called buds.

Que: Write the male and female reproductive parts on the flowers.

Ans: The male reproductive part is stamen and the female reproductive part is pistil.

Que: Name two plants in which pollination occurs by water.

Ans: Vallisneria and Hydrilla.

Que: Banana is a fruit without seeds give reason.

Ans: Banana forms from one parent only. There is no seed production.