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The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

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     Qne: by which organs does the fish breathe in?

Ans:Gills.

Qne:What is habitat?

Ans: The surroundings where organisms live is called a habitat.

Qne: What is adaptation?

Ans: The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings, is called adaptation.

Qne: What is terrestrial habitat?

Ans: The plants and animals that live on land are said to live in terrestrial habitats.

Qne: What is aquatic habitats?

Ans: Plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitats. Ponds, swamps, lakes, rivers and oceans are some examples of aquatic habitats.

Qne: What are biotic components?

Ans: The living things such as plants and animals, in a habitat, are its biotic components.

Qne: What are abiotic components?

Ans: Various non-living things such as rocks, soil, air and water in the habitat constitute its abiotic components.

Qne: What is germination?

Ans: Germination is the beginning of a new plant, when the seed turned into a sprout, This process is called germination.

Qne: What is the cause of diversity of organisms in various habitats?

Ans: There change in abiotic factors of various habitats. Animals adapt to different abiotic factors in different ways. Those animals which cannot adapt to these changes die out, and only the adapted ones survive. The result is variety of organisms present in different habitats.

Qne:  List the common characteristics of the living things.

Ans: Living things need food, they respire and, excrete, respond to their environment, reproduce, grow and show movement.

Qne: There are some sea animals like dolphins and whales that do not have gills, by which organs do they breathe in?

Ans:  They breathe in air through nostrils or blowholes.

Qne: What is excretion?

Ans:  The process of getting rid of these wastes by the living organisms is known as excretion.  

Qne: What is stimuli?

Ans:  Changes in our surroundings that makes us respond to them, are called stimuli.

Qne: Name any desert plants.

Ans: cactus. 

Q – By which part of cactus does the process of photosynthesis take place?

Ans: Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems.

Qne: Write two functions of stem in cactus.

Ans:

1. Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems.
2. The stem helps to retain water.

Qne: What is acclimatisation?

Ans:  Small changes that take place in the body of a single organism over short periods, to overcome small problems due to changes in the surroundings, are called acclimatisation.

Qne: How are cactus adapted to survive in a desert?

Ans: Cactus is a desert palnt in which leaves are absent or very small. This helps in reducing loss of water from the leaves through transpiration. The leaf-like structure you see in a cactus is, in fact, its stem. Photosynthesis in these plants is usually carried out by the stems. The stem is also covered with a thick waxy layer, which helps to retain water. Thus cactus adapted to survive in a desert.

Exercise Question:

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Que1: What is a habitat?

Ans: Habitat means a dwelling place (a home). The surroundings where organisms live is called a habitat. The organisms depand for their food, water, air, shelter and other needs on therr habitat. The oraganisms depands for their food, water, air, shelter and other needs on their habitat, several kinds pf plants and animals may share the same habitat.

Que2: How are cactus adapted to survive in a desert?

Ans: Cactus lose very littile water throught transpiration. The leaves in cactus plants are present in the shape of spines. The help in reducing loss of water from the leaves throught tarnspiration. Its stem is converted into a leaf - like structure. Photosyntyhesis in these plants is usally carried out by the stems. The stem is also covered with a thick waxy layer, which helps to retain water. Cactus plants have roots that go very deep into the soil for adsording water.

Que3: Fill up the blanks:

(a) The presence of specific features, which enable a plants or an animal to live in a particular habitat, is called_______.

(b) The habitats of the plants and animals that live on land are called ______habitat.

(c) The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called _______ habitat.

(d) Soil, water and air are the _______ factors of a habitat.

(e) Change in our surrounding that make us respond to them, are called______.

Ans:

(a) adaptation.

(b) terrestrail

(c) aquatuic

(d) abiotic 

(e) stimuli.

Que4: Which of the things in the following list are non - living?

Plugh, Mushroom, Sewing machine, Radio, Boat, Water hyacinth, Earthworm

Ans: Non - living things: Plough, Sewing machine, Radio, Boat.

Que5: Give an examples of non - living thing, which shows any two characteristics of living things.

Ans: Bus and machine both shown mavement and consume energy.

Que6: Which of non - living things listed below, were once part of a living thing?

Butter, Leather, soil, Wool, Electric bulb, cooking oil, salt, Apple, Rubber.

Ans: Butter, Leather, wool, cooking oil, Apple, Rudder.

Que7: List the common characteristics of the living things.

Ans: Living things have certain common characteristics - they need food, they respire and excrete, respond to their envirnment, reproduce, grow and show movement.

Que8: Explain, why speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals that live there. [Hint: There are few trees or places for animals to hids in grasslands habitats.]

Ans: In the grassland there are less number of tree and places to hide. The animals are vulnerable to predators. They can only survive and escape if they can run faster. Therefore speed is important for survical in the grasslands for animals that live there. 

Important Questions with solution

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Q1: by which organs does the fish breathe in?

Ans : Gills.

Q2: What is habitat?

Ans: The surroundings where organisms live is called a habitat.

Q3: What is adaptation?

Ans: The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings, is called adaptation.

Q4: What is terrestrial habitat?

Ans: The plants and animals that live on land are said to live in terrestrial habitats.

Q5: What is aquatic habitats?

Ans: Plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitats. Ponds, swamps, lakes, rivers and oceans are some examples of aquatic habitats.

Q6: What are biotic components?

Ans: The living things such as plants and animals, in a habitat, are its biotic components.

Q7: What are abiotic components?

Ans: Various non-living things such as rocks, soil, air and water in the habitat constitute its abiotic components.

Q8: What is germination?

Ans: Germination is the beginning of a new plant, when the seed turned into a sprout, This process is called germination.

Q9: What is the cause of diversity of organisms in various habitats?

Ans: There change in abiotic factors of various habitats. Animals adapt to different abiotic factors in different ways. Those animals which cannot adapt to these changes die out, and only the adapted ones survive. The result is variety of organisms present in different habitats.

Q10: List the common characteristics of the living things.

Ans: Living things need food, they respire and, excrete, respond to their environment, reproduce, grow and show movement.

Q11: There are some sea animals like dolphins and whales that do not have gills, by which organs do they breathe in?

Ans: They breathe in air through nostrils or blowholes.

Q12: What is excretion?

Ans: The process of getting rid of these wastes by the living organisms is known as excretion.  

Q13: What is stimuli?

Ans: Changes in our surroundings that makes us respond to them, are called stimuli.

Q14: Name any desert plants.

Ans: Cactus. 

Q15: By which part of cactus does the process of photosynthesis take place?

Ans: Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems.

Q16: Write two functions of stem in cactus.

Ans:

(i) Photosynthesis in cactus is usually carried out by the stems.

(ii) The stem helps to retain water.

Q17: What is acclimatisation?

Ans: Small changes that take place in the body of a single organism over short periods, to overcome small problems due to changes in the surroundings, are called acclimatisation.

Q18: How are cactus adapted to survive in a desert?

Ans: Cactus is a desert plant in which leaves are absent or very small. This helps in reducing loss of water from the leaves through transpiration. The leaf-like structure you see in a cactus is, in fact, its stem. Photosynthesis in these plants is usually carried out by the stems. The stem is also covered with a thick waxy layer, which helps to retain water. Thus cactus adapted to survive in a desert.