Explore NCERT Solutions

Chapter 5. Industries

Exercise NCERT

Chapter 5. Industries:

---

Q1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Ans:- Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods extraction of minerals or provision of services.

(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Ans:- The location of industries is affected by the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital transport and market.

(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

Ans:- the iron and steel industry is referred to as the backbone of modem industry. This is so because it is the “feeder” industry whose products are used as raw materials for other industries. 

(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Ans:- cotton textile industries expanded rapidly in Mumbai because of the presence of the lot of favorable conditions. Warm and moist climate, port situated nearby to import machinery easy available for raw material and skilled labour are factor behind this.  

(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California?

Ans:- Some of the point of similarity between information technology industries in Bangalore and Silicon Valley are:

(i) Educational technological institutions: Bangalore has the largest number of educational institution and IT colleges in India and silicon valley is also situated close to some reputed scientific and technological centers of the world.

(ii) Environment both of Bangalore and silicon valley have low pollution levels and have a clean environment.   

Q2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Silicon Valley is located in

(a) Bangalore

(b) California

(c) Ahmadabad

Ans:- (b) California

(ii) Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industry?

(a) Iron and steel industry

(b) Cotton textile

(c) Information technology

Ans:- (c) Information technology

(iii) Which one of the following is a natural fiber?

(a) Nylon

(b) Jute

(c) Acrylic

Ans:- (b) jute

Q3. Distinguish between the followings.

(i) Agro-based and mineral based industry

Ans:-

Agro-based industry	Mineral-based industry
1. Agro-based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw material.  2. Example of raw material used: animal skin, crops.  3. Example of industries: lather industry, food processing.	1. Mineral- based industries use mineral oves as their raw material.  2. Example of raw material used: iron ore limestone.  3. Example of industries: iron and steel industry.

(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry

Ans:-

Public sector industry	Joint sector industry
1.  Public sector industries are owned an run the by government.  2. Examples Hindustan Aeronautics limited.	1. Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the state as well as indi-viduals.  2. Examples Maruti udyog.

Q4. Give two examples of the following in the space provided.

(1) Raw Materials: _______________ and _________________________

(2) End product: _______________ and _________________________

(3) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________

(4) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________

(5) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________

(6) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________

Ans:-

(1) oers, plants

(2) Cloths that we wear, a car.

(3) Trades, banking.

(4)  Food processing, leather industry

(5) Basket weaving, pottery.

(6) AMUL, sudha Dairy.

Chapter 5. Industries

Additional - Question

Additional - Question:

---

Que: Importance of Manufacturing?

Ans: 

(i) Industries add value to raw materials and turn them into usable finished products.

(ii) Industries help to modernize the primary sector as it assists in creating jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors. 

(iii) It reduces poverty and unemployment rates. 

(iv) Manufacturing industries boost trade and commerce, which brings in foreign exchange.

(v) It contributes to the progress of the country by improving the economy.

Que: What is The Market?

Ans: The location should have a booming market nearby so the industries can sell their products easily. These markets should have both national and international connections.

Que: What are The Agro - Based Industries?

Ans: 

(i) Textile Industry: It is the only industry in India, which is both self-reliant and thorough in the value chain. It generates employment, industrial production, and foreign exchange. 

(a) Cotton Textiles: It links workers who work in weaving, designing, ginning, packaging, spinning, sewing, tailoring, and cotton ball plucking and agriculture. Until the industrial revolution took place, cotton cloth was made from looms or hand spinning wheels. The USA, China, India, and Japan are the most crucial cotton-producing countries. It was the year 1854 when in Mumbai the first successful mechanized cotton mill was established.

(b) Jute Textiles: The largest manufacturer of jute goods and raw jute is none other than our country India. Several mills are located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hugli river. Most importantly, jute was employed for making textiles in the Indus valley civilization since the third millennium BC. 

(ii) Sugar Industry: India is the world's second producer of sugar. The sugar industry includes certain stages like the production of sugars, their processing, and finally marketing. This industry is seasonal in nature.

Que: What are The Mineral - Based Industry?

Ans: 

(i) Iron and Steel Industry: Heavy, medium, and light industries depend on the iron and steel industry for primary machinery. Bhilai ( Chhattisgarh), Jamshedpur ( Jharkhand), Burnpur (West Bengal) are some hotspots locations for the iron and steel industry. TISCO or Tata Steel Company Limited is an important example of such an industry. 

(ii) Aluminum: Smelting Bauxite is the raw material employed in this industry. It is the second-most crucial metallurgical industry in India and has immensely gained popularity. 

(iii) Chemical Industry: It includes both small-scale and large-scale manufacturing industries in both organic and inorganic sectors. For example, Tata chemicals Limited, UPL Limited, Atul Limited, and so on. 

(iv) Fertilizer Industry: These industries focus on phosphate production, nitrogenous, ammonium phosphate, and other types of fertilizers.

(v) Cement Industry: The cement industry forms the backbone of the construction sector. It is required for the construction of bridges, factories, houses, and other buildings. The cement industry contributes to the urbanisation process. This industry consumes heavy raw materials, limestone, gypsum, and silica. 

(vi) Automobile Industry: It deals with the manufacturing of buses, cars, trucks, scooters, multi-utility, and three-wheelers. The transportation sector heavily depends upon this industry. The automobile industry is located in Bangalore, Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, and other cities. Information Technology and Electronic Industry This industry covers a broad range of products ranging from televisions, cellular telecom, radars, computers, etc. It also supports the needs of the telecommunication sector. It has several employment opportunities in India. Bangalore is India’s electronic capital.

(vii) Information Technology and Electronic Industry: This industry covers a broad range of products ranging from televisions, cellular telecom, radars, computers, etc. It also supports the needs of the telecommunication sector. It has several employment opportunities in India. Bangalore is India’s electronic capital.

Que: What is manufacturing?

Ans: Manufacturing can be defined as follows—

(i) Manufacturing refers to activities that involve the production of goods in huge quantities.

(ii) By processing, it changes raw materials into valuable finished products.

(iii) Manufacturing activities belong to the secondary sector because goods from

the primary sector are used to make goods that are of more value to the consumers.

Que: How are agriculture and industry interdependent?

Ans: The interdependence between agriculture and industry can be explained as follows—

(i) Agro-based industries have enhanced the agricultural production of India by equipping them with the latest agricultural requirements like insecticides, fertilizers, irrigation pumps, PVC pipes, etc.

(ii) Industries also rely on agriculture to obtain essential raw materials in which they add value and sell to consumers.

Que: How does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?

Ans: The textile industry’s occupancy of a unique position in the Indian economy can be elaborated as follows—

(i) It contributes 14 % to industrial production. 

(ii) It employs the majority of people after the agricultural sector, 35 million to be specific.

(iii) It shares about 24.6% in foreign exchange earnings.

(iv) It renders a 4% share in GDP.

(v) This is the only industry in India, which is both self-reliant and thorough in the value chain.

Que: State the factors responsible for the growth of the cotton textile industry in Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Ans: The factors responsible for the growth of the cotton textile industry in Gujarat and Maharashtra are as follows—

(i) The cheap and abundant availability of raw cotton.

(ii) Humid climatic conditions in these regions are ideal for weaving cotton cloth without the yarn breaking.

(iii) Extensive transportation system which facilitates access to the ports in Gujarat and Maharashtra.

(iv) Vicinity to the marketplace as cotton is ideal for wearing in humid states.

Que: What are the problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India?

Ans: The problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India are as follows—

(i) The irregular power supply

(ii) Outdated and obsolete machines used specifically in the processing and weaving sectors.

(iii) Low labor output

(iv) Increased import of cotton boosted ingenious production

(v) Stiff competition from the synthetic fiber industry

Que: Why are sugar mills located close to the fields?

Ans: Sugar mills are located close to the fields because of the following reasons—

(i) Sugar mills require sugarcane as raw material but sugarcane is bulky which makes its transportation for long distances quite difficult.

(ii)  Also, sugarcane is perishable and its sucrose content dries up. So, it can't be transported for long distances.

Que: List the Uses of Aluminum.

Ans: The uses of aluminum are as follows—

(i) Manufacturing of air crafts.

(ii) Packing material and making utensils.

(iii) Making wires

(iv) As an ideal substitute for copper, steel, lead, and other industries.

Que: What is thermal pollution?

Ans: Thermal pollution can be defined as follows—

(i) Thermal pollution refers to the pollution created by untreated wastes from nuclear plants, weapons, and nuclear production facilities when those are discharged into water bodies.

(ii) This is also the type of pollution that causes birth defects and cancer.

Que: List any three steps taken by the NTPC to preserve the natural environment and its resources.

Ans: The three steps taken by the NTPC to preserve the natural environment and its resources are as follows—

(i) Decreasing waste generation by increasing ash utilization.

(ii) Establishing green belts to nurture and maintain ecological balance.

(iii) Optimizing the usage of equipment and upgrading it by adopting modern techniques.