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Chapter Review:

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• Coliform is a group of bacteria, found in human intestines, whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease-causing
  microorganisms.
• The pH of water easily checked by universal indicator or litmus paper.
• The three R’s to save the environment: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.
• The oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous at high concentrations.
• Carbon dioxide is a green-house gas.
• Collection of rain water and its utilisation for various purposes is called water harvesting.
• Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which are important sources of energy.
• A person having interest or concern for some thing is called as stake holder.
• Multi Crore Project came in 1985 to improve the quality of Ganga.
• The Tawa Dam built in the 1970s.
• The Chipko Andolan movement originated from an incident in a remote village called Reni in Garhwal, high-up in the Himalayas during the early 1970s.
• National Award for Wildlife Conservation’ in the memory of Amrita Devi Bishnoi, who in 1731 sacrificed her life along with 363 others for the protection of ‘khejri’ trees in Khejrali village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan.
• Reuse is better than recycling as it saves energy.

Text-book Questions

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Page no. 269

Q1. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environmentfriendly?

Ans: We can become more eco-friendly with many technologies. For example, we can work on three 'R'-like sayings, that is, reduce use, recycle and reuse. By including these proverbs in our habits, we can become more eco-friendly.
Q2. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term
aims?

Ans: It can be advantageous that maximum profits can be obtained without any liability.
Q3. How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a longterm perspective in managing our resources?

Ans: The only advantage of projects with less purpose is that by maximizing the use of resources, we get maximum profit. Under these plans, we do not have any responsibility for the future generations. On the other hand, long-term planning aims at using resources for sustainable development, while also keeping them safe for future generations to use.
Q4. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources?
What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our
resources?

Ans: Our earth is available to all. All living beings have equal rights on its resources. If a person is making excessive use of these resources, then it simply means that someone must be facing its shortage. As a result, a conflict starts which damages the environment.

Page no. 273

Q1. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?

Ans: We should conserve forests and wildlife to preserve biodiversity so that the loss of ecological stability can be avoided. A large number of tribes live in and around the forests. Without forest and wildlife, life would be impossible for human beings.
Q2. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.

Ans: Following are the measures for conservation of forests:-

(i) People should show their participation in saving the forest by opposing cutting of trees.

(ii) Plantation of trees should be increased.

(iii) The forest dwellers should not be harassed by the forest officials.

Page no. 276

Q1. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.

Ans: Tanks are one of the traditional methods of water harvesting around our area.

Q2. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/
mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.

Ans: i) In hilly area, hips, ponds, etc. are used for water harvesting. It also includes the collection of rain water.

(ii) In plains, water harvesting structures, circular or crescent shaped earthen pits or low-lying areas, drains that fill completely in the rainy season / "check dams" built on natural waterways made of concrete or small pebbles.

Q3. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?

Ans: The source of water in our area is groundwater. Water from this source is available to all the people living in that area.

NCERT Solutions - Exercise

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Q1. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment-friendly?

Ans: 

1. Less use - it means that you should use less, less things; For example - turning off the switch of electric fans and bulbs, repairing bad taps, so that water drips in vain, etc.

2. Recycling - This means that you should not throw plastic, paper and metal items in the garbage but use them.

3. Reuse - This is a better way than recycling because some energy is also spent in it. In this we can use any object again and again.

Q2. Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environmentfriendly?

Ans: Out of the four claimants of forest and wild animals, the local people living in and near the forest are the most suitable, because they have been using forests in a sustainable manner for centuries. They climb up the trees and cut only some branches and leaves, due to which they are replenished with time only. There are many proofs of this and the forest value, which is said to be worthless, will be estimated at 12.5 crores.
Q3. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?

Ans: The consumption of natural terms can be done in the following ways-

(1) Using CFls.

(2) Coal kerosene and LPG can be saved by using solar cooker, solar water heater.

(3) We can save water by repairing leaky taps.

(4) Petrol / diesel can be saved by turning off the red light, but the car or any vehicles.

Q4. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of

(a) forests and wildlife,

(b) water resources and

(c) coal and petroleum?

Ans: (a) Forest and wild animals

(i) We should oppose poaching of wild animals.

(ii) We should not use forest land for ourselves.

(b) Water Resources

(i) We should try to harvest rain water.

(ii) Do not spill unnecessary water while brushing or taking a bath.

(c) Coal and Petroleum

(i) We should stop using coal as fuel.

(ii) We should use alternative sources of energy such as hydro energy and solar energy.

Q5. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?

Ans: Natural resources like water, forests, coal and petroleum etc. are important for the existence of human beings. We can reduce their consumption in the following ways:-

(i) We should stop deforestation.

(ii) We should not waste water.

(iii) We should try to harvest rain water.

(iv) We should use alternative sources of energy such as hydro energy and solar energy.

Q6. List five things you have done over the last one week to –
(a) conserve our natural resources.
(b) increase the pressure on our natural resources.

Ans: (a) Conservation of our natural resources :-

(i) Plant trees.

(ii) Throw the garbage in the right place.

(iii) Harvested rain water.

(b) Increasing pressure on our natural resources :-

(i) Waste of water for washing the car.

(ii) did not pay attention to saving electricity.

(iii) Escalator was used.

Q7. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?

Ans: In the direction of utilization of our resources, we should incorporate the following changes in the lifestyle:-

(i) Reduce or stop cutting of trees and plant trees.

(ii) Try rain water harvesting.

(iii) Switch off electrical equipment when not in use.

(iv) Stop using plastic and polythene bags for carrying goods.

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