Chapter 1. Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years History class 7 exercise Additional Exercise
Chapter 1. Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years History class 7 exercise Additional Exercise ncert book solution in english-medium
NCERT Books Subjects for class 7th Hindi Medium
Chapter Review
Chapter Review :
- Cartographer : A person who makes maps.
- Al-Idrishi : He was an Arab geographer.
- When historians read documents, maps and texts from the past they have to be sensitive to the different historical backgrounds – the contexts – in which information about the past was produced.
- Historical records exist in a variety of languages which have changed considerably over the years. Medieval Persian, for example, is different from modern Persian.
- When the term 'Hindustan' was used in the thirteenth century by Minhaj-i Siraj, a chronicler who wrote in Persian, he meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna.
- In the early sixteenth century Babur used Hindustan to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.
- A “foreigner” was any stranger who appeared say in a given village, someone who was not a part of that society or culture.
- A city-dweller, therefore, might have regarded a forest-dweller as a “foreigner”, but two peasants living in the same village were not foreigners to each other, even though they may have had different religious or caste backgrounds.
- Archive : A place where documents and manuscripts are stored.
- Today all national and state governments have archives where they keep all their
old official records and transactions. - Historians still rely upon coins, inscriptions, architecture and textual records
for information. - People used it to write holy texts, chronicles of rulers, letters and teachings of saints, petitions and judicial records, and for registers of accounts and taxes.
- Manuscripts were collected by wealthy people, rulers, monasteries and temples. They were placed in libraries and archives.
- There was no printing press in those days so scribes copied manuscripts by hand.
NCERT Exercise
Exercise - Question:
Que: Who was considered a “foreigner” in the past?
Ans: A “foreigner” was any stranger who appeared say in a given village, someone who was not a part of that society or culture.
Que: State whether true or false
(a) We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.
(b) The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period.
(c) Forest-dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agricultural settlements.
(d) Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur and Kashmir.
Ans:
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False
Que: Fill in the blanks
(a) Archives are places where ——————— are kept.
(b) ——————was a fourteenth-century chronicler.
(c) ——, ———, ———, ——— and ——— were some of the new crops introduced into the subcontinent during this period.
Ans:
(a) documents and old official records and transactions
(b) Ziyauddin Baruni
(c) Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea, coffee.
Que: List some of the technological changes associated with this period.
Ans: There are following technological changes which introduced during this period:
(i) The persian wheel in irrigation.
(ii) The spinning wheel in weaving.
(iii) The using of firearms in Combact.
Que: What were some of the major religious developments during this period?
Ans: The major religious developments during this period are seen in the Hinduism.
(i) These included the worship of new deities,
(ii) The construction of temples by royalty.
(iii) The growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society.
(iv) One of the major developments was the emergence of the idea of bhakti — of a loving, personal deity that devotees could reach without the aid of priests or elaborate rituals.
Que: In what ways has the meaning of the term “Hindustan” changed over the centuries?
Ans:
(i) The term “Hindustan" was used in the thirteenth century by Minhaj-i Siraj, a chronicler who wrote in Persian, he meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna.
(ii) He used the term in a political sense for lands that were a part of the dominions of the
Delhi Sultan.
(iii) By contrast, in the early sixteenth century Babur used Hindustan to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.
(iv) This was somewhat similar to the way the fourteenth-century poet Amir Khusrau used the word “Hind”.
Que: How were the affairs of jatis regulated?
Ans:
The ways in which the affairs of jaitis were regulated were as follows:
(i) Jaitis framed their own rules and regulated to manage the conduct of their members.
(ii) Jati Panchayat or the assembly of elders enforced these regulation.
(iii) Jatis also followed the rules of their villages.
Que: What does the term pan-regional empire mean?
Ans:
(i) During the medieval period there was enormous diversity among distinctive region of the subcontinet.
(ii) Each region had its own geographical dimension, own language and cultural characterstics.
(iii) These regions were associated with specific ruling dynasties.
(iv) There was a considerable conflict between these states.
(v) Therefore the empires that ruled or controlled such diverse regions, are called the pan-regional empires. For example, dynasties like the Cholas, Khaljis, Tuglaq and Mughals were able to build the pan-regional empire.
Que: What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts?
Ans:
(i) Manuscript are badly written which is hardly ununderstable.
(ii) Sometimes, due to lack of under standblity of handwritting, historisan are forced to guess what is written.
(iii) As scribes copied manuscripts, they also introdused small changes which grew over centuries.
(iv) Historisan have to demand upon the copied version as the original manuscripts are rarely found.
Que: How do historians divide the past into periods? Do they face any problems in doing so?
Ans:
(i) Historisan divide the past into periods on the basis of economic and social factors to characteric the major elements of different moments of the past.
(ii) Historisan face many problems while dividing the past into periods as there was a good amount of technolgical development in the "medival" period, which can be called as 'modern' in the contemporary context. But still the period is called "medival". On the other hand, modern past is followed past is followed by the "medival" past.
Que: Compare either Map 1 or Map 2 with the present-day map of the subcontinent listing as many similarities and differences as you can find.
Ans: Map 1 and Map 2 given in the NCERT Textbook represent two different times. Map 1 was made in 1154 CE by al-Idrisi, an Arab geographer. This section is a detail of the Indian subcontinent from his larger map of the world. Map 2 was made by a French cartographer in 1720. Both maps are quite different from each other, even though they represent the same area. In Map 1 we find south India at the place where we would expect to find north India and Sri Lanka is the island at the top. The place names are in Arabic. Some familiar places like Kanauj in Uttar Pradesh have been spelt as Qanauj. In comparison to this Map 2 was made nearly 600 later after Map 1. By that time information about the subcontinent had changed a lot. This map appears to be more familiar to us. The coastal areas, particularly, are more detailed.
Que: Find out where records are kept in your village or city. Who writes these records? Is there an archive? Who manages it? What kinds of documents are stored there? Who are the people who use it?
Ans:
- Records are kept in our city at the archives. These records are written by the officials of the Revenue Department.
- The in charge of the Archives/ Deputy Director of Archives manages these records.
- Rare manuscripts, government records, and other valuable books, etc. are stored there.
- Scholars, researchers, and government officials use them.
Additional Exercise
Additional - Question:
Que: Who was al-Idrisi?
Ans: al-Idrisi was an Arab cartographer.
Que: Who is a ‘cartographer’?
Ans: Cartographer is one who draws a map.
Que: What difference do you notice in the map drawn by al-Idrisi?
Ans: In the map drawn by al-Idrisi we find a completely different view. Here south India is shown at present North India and Sri Lanka is the island at the top
Que: Who used the term Hindustan for the first time and when?
Ans: Minhaj-i Siraj used the term ‘Hindustan’ for the first time in the thirteenth century.
Que: What sources do historians use for the study of a particular period of history?
Ans: The historians use sources like coins, inscriptions, architectures, and textual records for the study of a specific period.
Que: What do you mean by archives?
Ans: Archives were the places where manuscripts were collected.
Que: Who were scribes?
Ans: Scribes were those professionals who used to copy down the manuscripts.
Que: How did the scribes copy down the manuscripts?
Ans: Scribes copied down the manuscripts by hand.
Que: What changes took place during 700 and 1750?
Ans: Many technologies like the Persian wheel in irrigation, the spinning wheel in weaving, and firearms in combat made their appearance. Some new foods and beverages like potatoes, corn, chilies, tea, and coffee also arrived in the subcontinent.
Que: What factors contributed to a variety of developments?
Ans: The new technologies and innovations came to the subcontinent with the people who came from other areas and settled here.
Que: What were the new groups of people to be prominent at this age?
Ans: Rajputs, Marathas, Sikhs, Jats, Ahoms, and Kayasthas were the groups which came to be prominent in this age. They availed most of the opportunities of society.
Que: What do you mean by Jati Panchayat?
Ans: Jati Panchayat was the assembly of elders that controlled the conduct of the members of their jati They had their own rules and regulations.
Que: Who was the Chief of the village?
Ans: Villages were controlled by a Chieftain. Even the smaller Jati Panchayats were bound to follow the village administration.
Que: What was the stretch of Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban’s Empire?
Ans: According to a Sanskrit Prashasti Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban’s empire was stretched from Bengal (Gauda) in the east to Ghazni (Gajjana) in Afghanistan in the west. It also included all of south India (Dravida)
Que: Why did Brahmanas dominate in society during this period?
Ans: Brahmanas were the only class of people who were proficient in the Sanskrit language. This was the reason that made them prominent.
Que: Who were the patrons?
Ans: Patrons were a group of rulers and rich class of people who provided protection and livelihood to the Brahmanas, artists, and poets.
Que: What was the major development of this age?
Ans: The emergence of the idea of bhakti was the major development of this age.
Que: How history was divided by historians during the middle of the nineteenth century?
Ans: The British historians divided the history of India into three periods—:P
- Hindu,
- Muslim and
- British.
Que: What was the basis of such division?
Ans: Such division was made on the basis of the religion as the historians did not consider any aspect more prominent other than the developments in religions.
Que: What difference do you trace out in the region of Hindustan of the thirteenth century and the modem India?
Ans: The term ‘Hindustan’ in the thirteenth century implied the areas of Punjab, Haryana, and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna. Minhaj-i Siraj used the term in a political sense for lands consisting of a part of the dominions of the Delhi Sultanate. The areas included in this term shifted with the extent of the Sultanate. However, it never included south India.
Que: What does time mean for historians? How does it help them?
Ans: Time, for historians, doesn’t mean just a passing of hours, days, or years. Instead, it reflects changes in social and economic organization, in the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs. In order to study historical developments historians divide the past into large segments. It makes the study convenient. The historians study different aspects of the specific period and then assess the comparative developments their impact on society and their contribution to the future generations.
Que: What do you mean by pan-regional rule? What was its impact? [V. Imp.]
Ans: Pan-regional rule applies to the trend of extending the empire to the region beyond one’s own state. With the decline of the Mughal Empire in the eighteenth century, many regional states emerged. Consequently, a chance of sharing different traditions in the realms of governance, economy, elite cultures, and languages was brightened. People knew a lot of new things, manners, etc, without losing their own culture and identity.
Que: What was the process of copying the manuscript? What were its drawbacks?
Ans: As there was no printing press during the period between 700 and 1750, Scribes used to copy down the manuscripts which were hand-written. Sometimes it was difficult to recognize the original script. So the Scribes used their own way of interpreting the facts. Consequently, there were differences were found in the copies written by different Scribes. As all the copies were handwritten, it was difficult to recognize which was the original one. It was the drawback of such copying.
Que: Trace out the major changes in society during 700 and 1750? What was its main reason?
Ans: A number of changes took place in society between 700 and 1750. This period traced the technological appearance of Persian wheel in irrigation, the spinning wheel in weaving and firearms in combat. Potatoes, com, chilies, tea, and coffee were some of the new foods and beverages. These developments came with the arrival of the people who migrated to this land. As a result this period saw various changes in the economic, political, social and cultural life,
Que: What was the change in the religion of the time? Trace out major developments?
Ans: The period between 700 and 1750 witnessed major changes in religion. It was seen prominently in Hinduism. The worship of new deities, the construction of temples by royalty, and the growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society were some of the major developments.
The idea of bhakti emerged. Merchants and migrants brought the new teachings of the ‘Quran’, the holy book of the Muslims. A class of patrons emerged. They were the rulers who provided shelter and protection to the ulemas—the learned theologians and jurists. Muslims were divided into two groups—Shia and Sunni. Shia Muslims believed in Prophet Muhammad’s authority while the Sunnis accepted the authority of the early leaders—Khalifas.
Select Class for NCERT Books Solutions
NCERT Solutions
NCERT Solutions for class 6th
NCERT Solutions for class 7th
NCERT Solutions for class 8th
NCERT Solutions for class 9th
NCERT Solutions for class 10th
NCERT Solutions for class 11th
NCERT Solutions for class 12th
sponder's Ads
History Chapter List
Chapter 1. Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years
Chapter 2. New Kings And Kingdoms
Chapter 3. The Delhi Sultans
Chapter 4. The Mughal Empire
Chapter 5. Rulers And Buildings
Chapter 6. Towns, Traders And Craftspersons
Chapter 7. Tribes Nomads And Settled Communities
Chapter 8. Devotional Paths To The Divine
Chapter 9. The Making Of Regional Cultures
Chapter 10. Eighteenth-Century Political Formations
sponser's ads