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Q.1. Who was Allende?
Answer:  

Allende was the founder leader of the Socialist Party of Chile, a country in South America. He led the Popular Unity Coalition to victory in 1970 and became the President of Chile. As the president he took several policy decisions to help the poor and the workers.

Q.2. Why did the workers of Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk go on strike in 1980?
Answer : The workers the Lenin Shipyard in the city of Gdansk went on a strike on 14 Aug 1980. The factory was owned by the government. The workers went on a strike demanding the factory to take back a crane operator, a woman worker, who was unjustly dismissed from the service..
Q3. What role does General Assembly play in the UN?
Answer : General Assembly is like the Parliament of UN where all the discussions take place. In that sense, the UN would appear to be a very democratic organisation. But the General Assembly cannot take any decision about what action should be taken in a conflict between countries.
Q.4. State how Security Council helps in making the UN a democratic body.
Answer : The Security Council has 15 members – 5 permanent and 10 nonpermanent members. This
15 member Security Council of the the UN takes crucial decisions. However, the real power is with the five permanent members; and they possess the veto power. So, Security Council doesn’t help much in making the UN a democratic body.

Q.5. Should a democratic country wage a war and invade other countries for establishing democracy there? Give your opinion stating at least one example.

Answer : In my opinion, the democratic countries do not have any right to wage a war in order to establish democracy in nondemocratic
countries. The attack of US on Iraq, blaming it for possessing the weapons of mass destruction, was more because of its own ambition
than establishment of democracy there. Moreover, unless people of a nation are themselves actively engaged in a struggle to make their society democratic, external help will be hardly of any help.

Q.6. The functioning of UN Security Council is undemocratic. Justify the statement by giving three suitable examples?

Answer : 

(i) The real power is with the five permanent members.

(ii) These members have veto power.

(iii)Security Council cannot take a decision if these permanent members
say No to it.

Q.7. What policies were adopted by Salvador Allende after his election as President of Chile in 1970? Assess any three reforms?

Answer :  

(i) Reform of the educational system.

(ii) Free milk for children.

(iii)Redistribution of land to the landless farmers.

Q.8. 'International Monetary Fund is not truely democratic institution.' Justify this statement with three examples?

Answer :

(i) IMF's 173 member states do not have equal voting rights.
(ii) The vote of each country is weighed by how much money it has contributed to the IMF.

(iii)Nearly half of the voting power is in the hands of only seven countries.
Q.9. Who was elected as President of Chile in 1970? What steps did he take to help the poor?

Answer : Salvador Allende was elected president of Chile in 1970. (i) He reformed education system;
(ii) He provides free milk for children; and

(iii) He arranged redistribution of land to the landless farmers.

Q.10. In Poland how was democracy reestablished?

Answer : Lech Walesa – an electrician, joined the strikers (workers of Lenin Shipyard). He became popular. The government agreed to the workers, demand. An independent trade union was formed. Soon it had one core members. The government tried to put it down. Another wave of strike followed. This time it resulted in an agreement in 1989 for free
elections. Walesa was elected President of Poland.

Q.11. Mention any three features of democracy.

Answer : 

(i) Allende’s democratic government preferred government control on big industries and economy.

(ii) Walesa wanted the market to be free of government interference.

(iii) Michelle stands somewhere in the middle.

Q.12. Who was Lech Walesa? 

Answer : Lech Walesa was a former electrician of the Lenin Shipyard. He joined and then led the striking workers. He signed a 21 point agreement with the government that ended the strike.
A new trade union called Solidarity was formed. General Jaruzeleski imposed martial law.Another wave of strike follwed in April 1989. Free
election was held. Solidarity won 99 out of 100 seats. Walesa was elected President of Poland.

Q.13. Who was Salvador Allende? Why was his policy opposed?

Answer : Salvador Allende was the President of Chile. The landlords, the rich and the church opposed his reforms and policies.

Q.14. How did Solidarity come to power in Poland?

Answer : On 11 September 1973 the military took over the seaport. The Defence Minister was arrested by the military. Allende was asked to resign. He addressed the nation on the radio. It was his last speech. He died in a military attack on the president's house.

NCERT IN - TEXT QUESTIONS SOLVED

Q1. Refer to Activity, Textbook page 3.

Why did President Allende address himself mainly to 'workers'? Why  were the rich unhappy with him ?

Answer: President Allende addressed himself mainly to 'workers' because he was the leader of the poor and the workers. He had taken several policy decisions to help them. He was opposed to foreign companies taking away natural resources like copper from the country. The rich were unhappy with him because his (Allende's) policies didn't suit them.

Q2. Refer to Activity, Textbook page 4.

Did the army have any legal right to arrest the defence minister of the country? Should the army have the power to arrest any citizen?

Answer: No, the army had no legal right to arrest the defence minister of the country . The army should not have any power to arrest any citizen without any valid or genuine reason.