Chapter - Review:

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• In the cold weather, the rays coming grom the sun do not fall directly in the region. Due to this, the temperatures remians quite low in northern India.
• In the hot weatgher season these rays coming from the sun are more or less directly falling in this region. This cause increased temperture. the Hot and dry winds blowing is referred as loo, during the days.
• This season starts by the onset and advance of the monsoon. The direction of the wind is from the Arabian sea and the bay of bagal toward the land these winds carry moisture with them. Once these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.
• This climate is the average weather condition over a place, which has been measured over many years. The climate of india is described as monsoon type.
• Since India's is present in this tropical region, most of the rain falling is brought in by monsoon winds coming here. In india, agriculture is dependent on rains. good monsoons bring adequate rain for crops. The climate of any place is affected by some factore like its location, altiude, distance from the sea. Hence, regional differences can experienced in the climate of india.
• We see a variety of plant life like small plants known as bushes as bushes and some shrubs like cactus and flowering plants, some tall trees, some tall trees, some with many branches and leaves like neem, mango etc. The shrubs, grasses, and trees, grow on their own without help from human beings is referred as natural vegetation. The natural vegetation is dependent on different climatic conditions in which they are grown, and the amount of rainfall. Due to these different climatic conditions, india holds a wide range of natural vegetation.
• Forests are very useful and perform various functions like release oxygen for us to breathe and carbon dioxide. The roots of the plants bind with the soil: preventing soil ersion. Timber for furniture, furlwood, fodder, medicinal plants and harbs, lac, honey, gum is obtained from forest. Forest are natural habitat of wildlife. Natural vegetation nowadays has been destroyed to a large extent because of the cutting of trees for human purposes.

Exercise - Question:

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Q1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) Which Winds bring rainfall in India ?why is it so important ?

Ans. Monsoon winds bring rainfall in India. These winds are very important because the rainfall is necessary for crops and agricultural activities in India.

(b) Name the different seasons in India.

Ans. Broadly four major seasons are recognized in India :

(a) Cold weather season (Winter) December to February.

(b) Hot weather season (summer) from march to May.

(c) South-west monsoon season (Rainy) from June to September.

(d) Season of retreating monsoon from October and November.

(c) What is natural vegetation ?

Ans. The plant community which has been left undisturbed over a long period of time. They grow on their own, without interference from on their own, without interference from human beings. They adjust to climatic and soil conditions.

(d) Name the different types of vegetation found in India.

Ans. Vegetation found in India can be divided into five types.

(a) Tropical Evergreen forest

(b) Tropical Deciduous forest

(c) Thorny bushes

(d) Mountain vegetation

(e)Mangrove forests

(e)What is the difference between evergreen forest and deciduous forest ?

Ans.

Evergreen forest

Tropical deciduous forest

- They occur in areas where the rainfall is very heavy. they are so dense that sunlight does not reach the ground. - Many species of trees are found, which shed their leaves at different times of the year. They always appear green and so are called evergreen forest. - Important trees found are mahogany, ebony, rosewood. - They are found in Andaman and Nicobar islands, parts of north-eastern states and narrow strip of western slope of Western Ghats.

These forests are also called monsoon forests. They are less dense.    They shed their leaves at a particular time of the year.       Important trees are sal, teak, peepal, neem and shisham. They are found in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Orissa and in parts of Maharashtra.

 

(f) Why is tropical rain forest also called evergreen forest ?

Ans. Many species  of trees are found in the tropical rain forest, which shed their leaves at different time of the year. The forest thus always appear green and is called evergreen forest.

Q2. Tick the correct answers.

(a) The world's highest rainfall occurs in

(i) Mumbai   

(ii) Asansol

(iii) Mawsynram

(b) Mangrove forests can thrive in

(i) saline water

(ii) fresh water

(iii)polluted water

(c)Mahogany and rosewood trees are found in

(i) mangrove forests

(ii)tropical deciduous forests

(iii)tropical evergreen forests

(d) Wildgoat and snow leopards are found in

(i) Himalayan region

(ii) Peninsular region

(iii) Gir forests

(e) During the southwest monsoon period the moisture laden winds blow from

(i) land to sea

(ii) sea to land

(iii) plateaus to plains

Ans. (a) (iii), (b) (i), (c) (iii), (d) (i), (e) (ii).

Q3. Fill in the blanks.

(a) Hot and dry winds known as..... blow during the day in the summers.

(b) The states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu receive a great amount of rainfall during the season of ..........

(c) ........ forest in Gujarat is the home of .........

(d) ........ is a well known species of mangrove forests.

(e) ........ are also called monsoon forests.

Ans. (a) loo,

(b) retreating monsoon,

(c) Gir, lions,

(d) Sundari,

(d) Tropical deciduous forests.

 

Additional - Question:

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Que: What happens in the season of the retreating monsoons?

Ans: Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Begal.

Que: What is climate?

Ans: Claimate is the average weather condition, which has been measured over many years.

Que: Name the factors that affect the climate of a place.

Ans: The climate of a place is affected by its location, altiude, distance from the sea and relief.

Que: Name the two regions of Rajasthan which are very hot.

Ans: Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

Que: Name the two regions of jammu and kashmir which are very cold or freezing cold.

Ans: Drass and kargill.

Que: What do you mean by moderate climate?

Ans: Moderae climate refers to the climate which is neither very hot nor very cold.

Que: what are called bushes?

Ans: small plants are called bushes.

Que: Where are thorny buches found?

Ans: Throny bushes are found in the states of Rajashan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

Que: What is the special feature of mountain vegetation?

Ans: The trees are conical in shape.

Que: Why is Van Mahotsav arranged?

Ans: Van Mahotsav is arranged to awaken people to plant more and more trees.

Que: Why are several species of wildlife of india declining?

Ans: Due the the cutting of forest and hunting, several species of widlife of india are declining.

Que: Name the project started by the government of protect tigers?

Ans: Project Tiger.

Que: Name some migratory birds.

Ans: Pelican, Siberian crane, Stork, Flamingo, pintail, Duck and Curlew.

Que: Explain the cold weather season and hot weather season?

Ans: During the cold - weather season (winter), the sun rays do not diectly in the region. As a result, the temperatures are quite low in northern india. In the hot weather season (summer), the sun rays fall directly in the region. Hence, the temperture becomes very high. Hot and dry winds called loo blow during the day time.

Que: Why do we seperience regional differences in theclimate of india? Explain with examples.

Ans: We experience regional differences in the climate of india due to these factores - location of a place, alititude, distance from the sea and relie. For examples, Jaisalmer and bikner in the desert of rajashan are very hot while drass and kargil in jammu and kashmir are very cold. Coastel places like mumbai and kolkata experience moderate climate. it means these places are neither very nor very cold. mawsynram in meghalaya receive least rainfall.

Que: write a note on mountain vegetation .             

Ans: mountains are homes of various species of trees  they are found according to the variation in height . with  an increase in height the temperature falls  at a height betweer 1500 metres and 2500 metres most of the trees are conical in shape . such trees are called coniferous trees mountain vegetation includes trees such as chir, pine and deodar. 

Que: How are forests important for us?

Ans: Forests play a vital role in the life human being and in their absence, we can't imagine a life. plants release oxygen that we breathe and absorb carbon dioxide. The roots of the plants bind the soil and in this way check soil erosion. We get several thing from the forests, such as wood for furniture, fuel, fodder, fuel, fooder, medicinal herbs, honey, lac, gum, fruits etc. Forests provide natural natural habitat to wildlife, such as lions tiger, elephants, monkeys, etc. As forests are so benefcial for us, we must make efforts to conserve it.

Que: What should we do to conserve wildlife?

Ans: We must not invle in the hunting and poaching of wild animals. We can refuse to buy things made from parts of the bodies of animals such as their bones, horns, fur, skins, and feathers. It will be an effective way to conserve wildlife. We should participate in the wildlife week which falls in the first week of october and try to create awareness of conserving the habitats to the animal kingdom.