chapter - Review:

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• It is quite difficult to describe the location of a place on a spherical structure like the earth. For this purpose, certain poibnts and lines are needed for reference.
• There is a needle which are throught two points on the globe. it s fixed throught two points on the globe. It is fixed throught the globe in a tilted manner. The two points throught which the needle passes are two poles - the north pole and the south pole.
• This needle is known as the exis. The axis of the earth is an imaginary point.
• The globe can be rotated on this point just like the earth retates on its axis from west to east.
• The Equator is an imaginary circular line which passes throught the center of the earth cncircling it and dividing it into two equal halves - the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere.
• Parallel circles from the equator up to the poles parallel to the equator are called latitudes. They are measured in degrees.
• The equator is the zero - degree latitude. The distance of each pole from the equator is one - fourth of the earth's circumference. Hence, the distance between the equator will measure 90 degrees.
• Latitude parallel to the equator on the northern side are called the northern latitude and the latitude in the southern hemisphere is called the southern latitudes.
• Tropic of cancer issituated at 23^1/2  degree North in the Northern Hemisphere.
• The tropic of Capricorn is situated at 23^1/2 degree south in the southern Hemisphere.
• Arctic Circle situated at 66^1/2 degrees North in the northern Hemisphere.
• Antarctic circle situated at 66^1/2 degrees South in the Southern Hemisphere.

Exercise - Question:

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Q1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) What is the true shape of the Earth ?

Ans. The Earth looks like an orange, bulging on the sides and slightly flat at the top and bottom. The true shape of the Earth is a geoid.

(b) What is a globe ?

Ans. A  globe is a three- dimensional representation of the Earth.

(c) What is the latitudinal value of the tropic of cancer ?

Ans. It is 23° North.

(d) What are the three heat zones of the Earth.

Ans. The three heat zones of the Earth are torrid zone, temperate zone and frigid zone.

(e) What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude ?

Ans. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. Meridians  of longitude are the lines of reference running from north pole to the south pole.

(f) Why does the torrid zone receive maximum amount of heat ?

Ans. Torrid zone is the area that receives maximum heat of Sun because the mid-day Sun is exactly overhead at least one in a year on all latitudes in between the tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

(g) Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and 12.00 noon in London.

Ans. The time difference between India and London is five and a half hours. India is located east of the Greenwich at 82° 30 E. So, it will be 5.30 p.m. in India when it is 12.00 noon in London.

The time difference between each degree of longitude is 4 minutes and since India is in the east, the time here will be ahead of the Greenwich time.

Q2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The value of the prime meridian is

(i) 90°               (ii) 0°            (iii) 60°

(b) The frigid zone lies near.

(i) the poles

(ii) the equator

(iii) the tropic of cancer

(c) The total number of longitudes are

(i) 360             (ii) 180           (iii) 90

(d) The Antarctic circle is located in

(i) the northern Hemisphere

(ii) the southern Hemisphere

(iii) the Eastern Hemisphere

(e) Grid is a network of

(i) parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes

(ii) the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn

(iii) the North pole and the South pole

Ans. (a) (ii), (b) (i), (c) (i), (d) (ii), (e) (i)

Q3. fill in the blanks.

(a) The Tropic of Capricorn is located at..........

(b) The Standard meridian of India is.........

(c) The 0° Meridian is also Know as.........

(d) The distance between the longitudes decreases towards..........

Ans. (a) 23

(b) 82°30 E

(c) prime Meridian

(d) poles

(e) Northern.

 

 

Additional Question:

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Que: What is the globe?

Ans: Globe is a true model of the earth. It shown the east in a small from.

Que: What are the advantages of the globe?

Ans: The globe is small in shape, is convenient to carry an use, and depicts all features of the earth.

Que: What are the types of lines needed to locate any point on the earth's surface?

Ans: Latitudes and logitudes are required to locate any point on the earth's surface

Que: Define latitude.

Ans: One of the imaginary circles parallel to the Equator is called latitude.

Que: Define longitude.

Ans: One of the imaginary circles parallel to the prime Meridian is called logitude.

Que: Which place is used as a standard for a time all over the world?

Ans: Greenwich in Britain is used asa standard for a time all over the world.

Que: Geographically, what is the time difference between Dwarka in Gujarat Dibrugarh in Assam?

Ans: The time difference between Dwarka and Dibrugarh is of 1 hour 45 minutes.

Que: A particular city lies in the time zone - 2. what does this mean?

Ans: This means that the city's local time is 2 hours behind Greenwich.

Que: What does the time '12 noon' signify at the highest point in the sky.

Ans: '12 noon' refers to the time when the sun is at highest point in the sky.

Que: Which heat zone does the equator lie in.

Ans: The ewuator lies in the Torrid Zone.

Que: A cricket match begins at 10:30 am on January 10 New Zealand. The time in greewich what it is ahown live on TV there.

Ans: New Zealand lies in time zone + 12. It is hours ahead of greenwich, or Greenwich is 12 hours behind New Zealand. So when it is 10:30 am on january 10 in New Zealand, It is 10:30 pm on January 9. So the cricket match will be talecast from 10:30 pm on jan 9 in Greenwich.

Que: Why do we have the concept of time zone?

Ans: The sun does not shine with the same intensity over all parts of the world at a particular time. if it is overhead at one place (midday), they it does not shine at all (mindnight) at the place diresty opposite to that place on the earth. So if we have the same time, then 12 noon will mean nidday at one place, and midnight at another. to avoid such an awkward system, we have the system of time zone, so that everywhere a particular time means the same stage of the day.

Que: Write a short nort on heat Zones?

Ans: Heat zones are the different zones of the earth, where the sun's rays fall differently, thus causing different climate patterns. These zones are called the Torrid Zone, the two Temperate Zones, and the two Frigid Zones. The Torrid Zone is very hot since the sun shines overhead here. The Temperate Zones maintain a moderate climate, and the Frigid Zones extremely cold.

Que: How do latitudes and longitudes help in locating a point? Why is only one of them insufficient in doing this?

Ans: Latitude and longitudes from a grid. Two different point may lie on the same latitude or the same longitude. But there exists only one point where latitude and longitude intersect. So a point can be identified with help of the latitude and longitude on which it lies.