Chapter - Review:

---

• India is a country of vast geographical expanse.
• india is bounded by the lofty Himalayas in the north, Arabian sea in the west, bay of bengal in east and India Ocean in the south. 
• India has an area of bout 3.28 million sq.km.
• kashmir o kanykumari (noth to south) is about 3,200km and Arunchal pradesh to kuchch (east to west) is about 2.900 km.
• India has a diversity of landform, climate, vergetation, wildlife, language, culture etc.
• India is the second - most populous countrt of the world after china.
• india is located in the northern hemisphere.
• The Tropic od cancer (23^o 30'N) passes almost halfway throught the country.
• From south to north, mainland of india extends between 8^o 4'N and 37^o6'N latitudes.
• From west to east, India extends between 68^o7'E and 97^o25'E longitudes.
• The sun rises two hours earlier in the east (Arunchal pradesh) than in the west (Gujarat).
• There are seven countries that share land boundaries with india. Their names are - myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet, China, Pakistan and afghanistan.
• our island neighbours are Sri Lanka and Maldivas.
• The 'Shiwalik' is the southernmost range.
• In the south of the Himalayas lie the Northern India plains. These are generally level and flat. Here the land is fertile for cultivation and there is high concentration of population.
• In the western part of india lies the Great India Desert. It is dry, hot an dsandy stretch of land. It has very little vegetation.
• To the south of northern plains lies the Peninsular Plateau. It is triangual in shape. This is a region with numerous hill ranges and valley. On the border of it, oldest range of the world, Aravail hill are situated. The Vindhyas and the Satpuras are the important ranges. The rivers Narmada and Tapti flow through these rang and drain into Arabian Aea.
• The western coastal plains are very narrow.
• The eastern coastal plains are much broader.
• Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are east flowing rivers and drain into the bay of Bengal.
• Lakshadweep Island is located in the Arabian Sea. These are coral inlands located the coast of Kerala.
• The Andman and the Nicobar Islands lie to the Bay of Bangal.
• Delhi is the National Capital of India.
   

Exercise - Question:

---

Q1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(a) Name the major physical divisions of India.

Ans. The major physical divisions of India are :

1. Great mountain of the North Himalayas

2. North Indian plains

3. Peninsular Plateau

4. coastal plains

5. Islands

Arabian sea in the west, Bay of Bengal in the east and Indian  Ocean in the south wash the shores of the Indian peninsula.

(b)  Indian shares its land boundaries with seven countries. Name them.

Ans. The seven countries are :

(a) Afghanistan

(b) Pakistan

(c) China

(d)Nepal

(e) Bhutan

(f) Myanmar

(g) Bangladesh

(c) Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian sea ?

Ans. The two major rivers which fall into the Arabian sea are :

(a) Narmada, (b) Tapi.

(d) Name the delta formed by the Ganga and Brahamaputra.

Ans. Sunderbans, in west Bengal, is the delta formed by the Ganga and Brahamaputra.

(e) How many States and Union Territories are there in India ? Which states have a common capital ?

Ans. There are 28 states and 7 union territories in India. Punjab and Haryana have a common capital (Chandigarh).

(f) Why do a large number of people live in the Northern plains ?

Ans. The Northern plains are generally level and flat and formed by the alluvial deposits brought down by the rivers Indus, Ganga and the Brahamaputra and their tributaries. It is a fertile land and that is why, large number of people live in the Northern plains.

(g) Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island ?

Ans. Lakshadweep islands lie in the Arabian  sea. They are formed of coral deposits. Coral polyps are short-lived microscopic organisms, which live in large groups in shallow, mud-free and warm waters. The islands lie opposite the coast of Kerala, in the Arabian sea.

Q2. Tick the correct answer.

(a) The southernmost Himalayas are known as

(i) Shiwaliks

(ii) Himadari

(iii) Himachal

(b) Sahyadris is also known as

(i) Aravali

(ii) Western ghats

(iii) Himadari

(c) The Palk Strait lies between the countries

(i) Sri Lanka and Maldives

(ii)India and Sri Lanka

(iii) India and Maldives

(d) The Indian islands in the Arabian sea are known as

(i) Andaman and Nikobar Ialands

(ii) LaKahadweep

(iii) Maldives

(e) The Oldest mountain range in India is

(i) Aravali hills

(ii) Western ghats

(iii) Himalayas

Ans. (a) (i), (b) (ii), (c) (ii), (d) (ii), (e) (i)

Q3. Fill in the blanks

(a) India has an area of about .........

(b) The Greater Himalayas are also known as ..........

(c) The largest state in India in terms of area is .........

(d)  The river Narmada falls into the ........ sea.

(e) The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is .........

Ans. (a) 3.28 million sq. kms.,

(b) Himadri

(c) Rajasthan

(d) Arabian

(e) Tropic of Cancer.

 Additional Question:

---

Que: What is the north - south extent of india?

Ans: The noth - south extent from Kashmir to Kanakumari is about 3,200km.

Que: What is the east - west extent of india?

Ans: The east - west extend from Arunachal pradesh to kuchchh is about 2,900km.

Que: How does the local time change?

Ans: The local time changes by four mintues for every one degree of longitube.

Que: What is the difference between the time of sunrise in Arunchal Pradesh and Gujarat?

Ans: The difference between the time of sunrise in Arunchal Pradesh and Gujarat is two hours.

Que: On what basis have the states been formed?

Ans: The states have been formed on the basis of languges.

Que: What does Himalayas mean?

Ans: Himalaya means the abode of snow (Him + alaya)

Que: Define the term desert?

Ans: A desert is a dry, hot and sandy stretch od land with very vegrtation.

Que: Name the two important hill ranges that lie in the peninsula plateau. 

Ans: The Vindhyas and the Satpuras.

Que: What is called the mouth of the liver?

Ans: The point where rivers enter the sea is called the mouth of the river.

Que: What are called polyps?

Ans: polyps are very small marina animals.

Que: What is the difference between the western coastel plains and the eastern coastel plains? 

Ans: The Western coastal plains are very narrow while the eastern coastal plains are much borader.

Que: Name the rivers which fall into the Bay of Bengal?

Ans: Mahandi, Godavari, Krishana and Kaveri.

Que: Mention the political and administrative divisions of india?

Ans: India is a vast country. Hence, for administrative purposes, it is divided into 28 states and 7 union Territories. Delhi is the capital of India. The formation of states has been made on the basis of languages. Rajasthan is the largest state while Goa is the smallest state in terms of area. these states have been further divided into districts.

Que: How are coral island formed?

Ans: Coral are skeletons of very small marine animals called polyps. When the living polyps die, their skeletons are left. Other polyps grow on top of the hard skeleton which gows higher, thus forming the coral islands.

Que: What do you about the boundaries of india? Explain in brief.

Ans: Our country has vast geographical expanse. In the north, it is bound by the lofty Himalayas.  In the west, lies the Arabian Sea, in the east it is bound by the Bay of Bengal and in the south lies the Indian Ocean.

Que: Describle the geographical extent of india?

Ans:  India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km. The north-south extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200km. And the east - west extent from Arunchal Pradesh to Kuchchh s about 2,900km. the lofty mountains, the great Indian Desert, the Northern plains, the uneven plateau surface and the coasts and islands present a diversity of landform.

Que: Describle the effect of east - west extent of India on time.

Ans: The west to eats extent leads to difference in local time from meridian to meridian. The locl time changes by four minutes for every one degree of longitude. The sun rises two hours earlier in the east, Le. Arunchal Pradesh than in the west, ie.(Gujarat). The local time of longitude of 82^o30'E has been taken as the Indian Standard Time. This longitude is also known as the Standard Meridian of Indian. Its time is taken a the standard throughout the country.

Que: Describle the major physical division of india?

Ans: Indian has a diverse physical feature, such as mountains, plateaus, plains, coasts and islands.

Que: Write a short note on the group of inslands of india.

Ans: The two group of inslands are - Lakshadweep Island and Andman and Nicobar island. lakshadweep island are located in the Arabian sea. these are coral island located off the coast of Kerala. The Andman and Nicobar islands are located in the Bay of Bangal.

Que: Write a short note on the coastel plains of india.

Ans: The coastel plains lie to the West of the Western Ghats and the East of the Eastern Ghats. The Western coastal plains are narrow while the eastern coastal plains are much broaber. These are serveral fast - flowing rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishan and kaveri. These rivers have formed fertile deltas at their mouth.