Chapter 9. Force And Law Of Motion

Q-  What is force ?

A – It is a push or pull which change or has a tendency to change the position of body. It’s SI unit is kgm^-2 .

Q- Write the Newton’s law of motion?

A –

1. A body continues to maintain its position of rest or motion unless an antennae force  acts upon it
2. The rate of change of momentum of body is directly proportional to the force applied and takes placed in the direction of force.
3. For every action there is equal and opposition reaction.

Q:- What is balance force ?

A:- If the resultant of the several force acting a body is zero than force are said to be  balance force.

Q - What is unbalance force?

A- If the resultant of the several force acting a body is not zero than force are said to be balance force.

Q – What is momentum?

A – it is quantity of motion possessed by a body is equal to the product of the mass and velocity of the body. Its SI unit is kgms^-1 Momentum = mass x velocity (p=mv)

Q – Define Newton?

A - It is the unit of force.

Q – What is inertia?

A – The tendency of undisturbed objects to stay at rest or to keep

 moving with the same velocity is called inertia.

Q – How can we reduce the effect of friction force ?

A – 

1. Using a some their plane or surface.
2. Using a lubricant.
3. Polishing.

Q-  Why is the Newton’s first low of motion also called “Low of inertia”?

A – According to Newton first low of motion an object by itself is not able to change its state of rest or of uniform motion. This property of n is called inertia. That is why the Newton first low of motion is called low of Inertia.

Q- Define mass and inertia?

A –Inertia is the natural tendency of an object to result of motion. The mass of an object is a measure of its inertia.

Q- What are the different types of inertia?

A – Three types are inertia:-

1. Inertia of rest.
2. Inertia of motion.
3. Inertia of direction.

Q- What is the unit of mass and inertia?

A – K. g.

Q- Which scientist proved first that object move with constant speed when no force acts on them?

A – Galileo.

Q- Why does moving marble stops after travelling some distance?

A -  A moving marble stops after travelling some distance because of the friction. Force acting opposite to the direction of motion.

Q- Who introduced the concept of momentum?

A – Newton.

Q- Which low of motion gives the mass are of force?

A – Second low of motion.

Q  - What happen when an unbalanced force is applied on the object ?

A  - when an unbalanced force is applied on the object:-

1. Change its speed .
2. Change its direction of motion.

Q – Why safety belts are worn during driving ?

A- A sudden application of breaks may cause injury to us by impact or collisions with the panels in front safety belt are worn to prevent from such accidents. Safety belts exert a force on our to make the forward motion slower.

Q – When does an object move?

A  - An object moves when the object  is under the continues application of an unbalanced force.

Q – Define inertia of rest and give some example?

​A- the tendency of a body to remain  its position  of rest is called inertia of rest. Example;-

1. Dust is removed from a hanging carpet by beating with a stick. As the carpet is beaten it suddenly moves forward while the dust particle tend to remain at rest due to inertia and so fall off.
2. When we snake a tree, the fruits or dry to inertia of rest.

Q  - Example how Newton’s first law of motion is a special case of second law?

A  - According to Newton’s second law ;-

                                    F= ma

                                    F =

                                    Ft= mv – mu

Or

That is when F=0, v=u for whatever time t is taken. This means that the object will continue moving with uniform velocity is throughout the time t. If u is zero then v will also be zero. That is the object will remain at rest.

Q – how many types of force in the third law of motion?

A-

1. Action
2. Reaction

Q – What types of force dose make us possible to walk?

A – Reaction

Q- Name the weakest and strongest force from in nature?

• Weakest = gravitation force.
• Strongest = Nuclear force

Q – What is the SI unit of weight?

A- Newton  

 

 

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Q1. Which of the following has more inertia:

(a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size?

(b) a bicycle and a train?

(c) a fiverupees coin and a one-rupee coin?

Q2. In the following example, try to identify the number of times the velocity of the ball changes: “A football player kicks a football to another player of his team who kicks the football towards the goal. The goalkeeper of the opposite team collects the football and kicks it towards a player of his own team”. Also identify the agent supplying the force in each case.

Q3. Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch.

Q4. Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it accelerates from rest?

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Page 126:

Q1. If action is always equal to the reaction, explain how a horse can pull a cart.

Q2. Explain, why is it difficult for a fireman to hold a hose, which ejects large amounts of water at a high velocity.

Q3. From a rifle of mass 4 kg, a bullet of mass 50 g is fired with an initial velocity of 35 m s–1. Calculate the initial recoil velocity of the rifle.

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Q4. Two objects of masses 100 g and 200 g are moving along the same line and direction with velocities of 2 m s–1 and 1 m s–1, respectively. They collide and after the collision, the first object moves at a velocity of 1.67 m s–1. Determine the velocity of the second object.

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Exercises:

Q1. An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be travelling with a non-zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on the magnitude and direction of the velocity. If no, provide a reason.

Q2. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain.

Q3. Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope?

Q4. A batsman hits a cricket ball which then rolls on a level ground. After covering a short distance, the ball comes to rest. The ball slows to a stop because

(a) the batsman did not hit the ball hard enough.
(b) velocity is proportional to the force exerted on the ball.
(c) there is a force on the ball opposing the motion.
(d) there is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest.

Q5. A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in 20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7 metric tonnes (Hint: 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg.)

Q6. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m s^-1 across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and the ice?

Q7. A 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate:

(a) the net accelerating force;
(b) the acceleration of the train; and
(c) the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2.

Q8. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the vehicle and road if the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 m s^-1?

Q9. What is the momentum of an object of mass m, moving with a velocity v?
(a) (mv)2

(b) mv2

(c) ½ mv2

(d) mv

Q10. Using a horizontal force of 200 N, we intend to move a wooden cabinet across a floor at a constant velocity. What is the friction force that will be exerted on the cabinet?

Q11. Two objects, each of mass 1.5 kg, are moving in the same straight line but in opposite directions. The velocity of each object is 2.5 m s^-1 before the collision during which they stick together. What will be the velocity of the combined object after collision?

Q12. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will probably not move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other. Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move.

Q13. A hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 m s^-1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its original path with a velocity at 5 m s^-1. Calculate the change of momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick.

Q14. A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity of 150 m s^-1 strikes a stationary wooden block and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block. Also calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet.

Q15. An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of 10 m s^-2 collides with, and sticks to, a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both move off together in the same straight line. Calculate the total momentum just before the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate the velocity of the combined object.

Q16. An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m s^-1 to 8 m s^-1 in 6 s. Calculate the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object.

Q17. Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran started pondering over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared to the change in momentum of the motorcar (because the change in the velocity of the insect was much more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a larger force on the insect. And as a result the insect died. Rahul while putting an entirely new explanation said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and a change in their momentum. Comment on these suggestions.

Q18. How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m s^-2

 

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