NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Q1.Explain why noimadic tribes used to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?

Ans. Nomadic tribes do not live in one place but move from one place to another in searcher of pastures for their animals and to earn their living. Their advantages to the environment of this continuous movement are given below:

(i) Continuous movement of the nomadic  tribes allows the pastures to recover and prevent their overuse.

(ii) Their movement helps in making effective use of pastures available in different areas.

(iii) Their cattle help in manuring the soil. All these factors bring balance in the environment.              

Q2. Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoalists

• Wasteland Rules
• Forest Act
• Criminal tribes Act
• Grazing Tax

Q3. Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.

Ans. The Maasai community is found in East Africa, Southern Kenya and Tanzania. This community has faced the continuous lass of its grazing lands. Let's see why this grazing lands. Let's see why this happened:

(i) Before colonial times, Maasai land stretched over a vast area from North Kenya to the steppes of northern Tanzania. In the late 19th century, European imperial powers scrambled foe territorial possessions in Africa, slicing up the region into different colonies. In 1885, Maasai land was cut into half with an international boundary between British Kenya and German Tanganyika. Subsequently, the best grazing lands were gradually taken over for White settlement and the Maasai were pushed into a small area in South Kenya and North Tanzania.

(ii) Form the last 19th century, the British colonial government in East Africa encouraged local peasants to expand  cultivation. As culativation expanded, pasture lands were turned into cultivable fields.

(iii) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the

Q4. There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa writeabout any two example of changes which were similar for India pastoralists and the Maasai herders.

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