9. Reproduction in animals Science class 8 exercise Additional Questions With Solutions
9. Reproduction in animals Science class 8 exercise Additional Questions With Solutions ncert book solution in english-medium
NCERT Books Subjects for class 8th Hindi Medium
Chapter Review
Chapter Review:
- The production of a new individual from parents body is known as reproduction.
-
The fusion of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction.
-
The production of new individual by the involving of only single parent is called asexual reproduction.
-
Reproduction resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction.
-
Sperms are male gametes which are produced by testis.
- Ovum is female gamete which is produced by female organ ovary.
- The reproductive organs in male include testes, sperm ducts and penis.
- The reproductive organs in the female include ovaries, oviducts and uterus.
- Fusion of male gametes sperms and female gametes ovum is called fertilization.
- Fertilised egg is known as zygote.
- The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called a foetus.
- Fertilization which takes place inside the female body is called internal fertilization.It occurs in many animals including humans, cows, dogs and hens.
- Fertilization in which the fusion of a male and a female gamete takes place outside the body of the female is called external fertilization.It occurs in aquatic animals such as fish, starfish, etc.
- The animals which give birth to young ones are called viviparous animals.
-
Those animals which lay eggs are called oviparous animals.
-
Reproduction in which an animal reproduces by dividing into two individuals is called binary fission.It occurs in amoeba.
- New individuals develop from the buds in hydra, this type of asexual reproduction is called budding.
- The transformation of the larva into an adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.
Text Book Exercise
Exercise
1. Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.
Answer : The producuction of new individuals from their parrents is known as reproducation. Reproduction is very important as reproduction is very important as it ensures the continuation of similar kinds of individuals, generation after generation. if reproduction process does not exist,the generation of living beings will be vanished from the earth.
2. Describe the the process of fertilization in human beings.
Answer : In human beings, sexual reproduction occurs in which reproduction results from the fusion of male and female gametes. the male reproductive organs are a pair of testes, sperm ducts and penis. The testes produce the male gametes called sperm Millions of sperm are produced by the testes. Through the sperms are very small in size, each has a head, a middle piece and a tail. Each sperm is a single cell with all the usual cell compomnents.The female reproductive oragans are a pair ofovaries, oviducts and the uterus. Ovary produces female gametes called ova (eggs). In human beings, single matured egg is released into the oviduct by one the ovaries every month. Uterus is the part where development of the baby takes place. Like sperm, egg is also a single cell. The first step in the process of reproduction is the fusion of a sperm and ovum. Millions of sperm from the male are transferred into the female body. The sperm swim in the oviduct with the help of their tails to reach the egg. When they come in contact with the egg, one of the sperms may fuse with the egg. Such bfusion of the egg and the sperm is called fertilization. During fertilization, the nucleus of the sperm and the egg fuse to from a single nucleus. This results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zyote. The new individual inherits some charactristics from the mothe and some charecteristics from the father.
3. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(a) Internal fertilization occurs
(i) in female body.
(ii) outside female body.
(iii) in male body.
(iv) outside male body.
Answer : (i) in female body.
(b) A tadpole develops into an adult frog by the process of
(i) fertilization.
(ii) metamorphosis.
(iii) embedding.
(iv) budding.
Answer : (ii) metamorphosis.
(c) The number of nuclei present in a zygote is
(i) none.
(ii) one.
(iii) two.
(iv) four.
Answer : (ii) one.
4. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):
(a) Oviparous animals give birth to young ones. ( )
(b) Each sperm is a single cell. ( )
(c) External fertilization takes place in frog. ( )
(d) A new human individual develops from a cell called gamete. ( )
(e) Egg laid after fertilization is made up of a single cell. ( )
(f) Amoeba reproduces by budding. ( )
(g) Fertilization is necessary even in asexual reproduction. ( )
(h) Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction. ( )
(i) A zygote is formed as a result of fertilization. ( )
(j) An embryo is made up of a single cell. ( )
Answer : (a) (F), (b) (T), (c) (T), (d) (T), (e) (T), (f) (F), (g) (T), (h) (T), (i) (T), (j) (F).
5. Give two difference between a zygote and a foetus.
Answer : When fertilization takes place, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus, which results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zyote. Zygote now begins to develop into an embryo. The embryo continues to develop in the uterus and produces body parts such as hands, legs, head, eyes, ears, etc. The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts are indentified ids called foeuts.
6. Define asexual reproduction. Describe two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.
Answer : The type of reproduction in which on;y a single parent is involved is called asexual reproducation. Asexual reproducation takes place in very small animals like Hydra and microscopic organisms like amoba.
Asexual reproduction in Hydra :
Many bulges are found in the parent body of hydra. These bulges called buds, develops into new individuals.
Make Fig.9.1. Buddings in Hydra
New individuals develop as outgrowths from a single parent. This is why this process is called budding.
Asexual reproducation in Amoeba :
The pseudopodia, an irregular structure in the Amoeba, is for cathing food as well as for movement. It is single-called organism. The reproduction in Amobea begins by division of its nucleus into two nuclei.This is followed by division of its body into two with each part receiving a nucleus. Finally, two amoebae are produced from one Amoeba. This type of asexual reproduction in which animal reproduces by dividing into two individuals is called binary fission.
7. In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get embedded?
Answer : The embryo gets embedded in the wall of the uterus (of female) for further development.
8. What is metamorphosis? Give examples.
Answer : The dra stic change which takes place during the development of an animal is callled metamorphosis. The animals that undergo metamorphosis are (i) silkworm (egg-larva or caterrpillar-pupa - adult), (ii) frog (egg-tadpole larva-adult), etc.
9. Differentiate between internal fertilization and external fertilization.
Anawer : Internal fertilisation :-
(i) The fertilisation that takes place inside the formal body is called internal fertillisation.
(ii) Few eggs are produced.
(iii) This is observed in human beings and other animals such as hen, cows, dogs, etc.
External fertilisation :-
(i) The fertilisation that taken place outside the place body is called external fertillsation.
(ii) Production of large number of eggs and sperms is necessary to ensure fertilisation of at least a few of them.
(iii) This is oberved in frogs, fish, starfish, etc.
10. Complete the crossword puzzle using the hints given below.
Across
1. The process of the garmetes.
6. The type of fertilisation in hen.
7. The term used or bulges observed on the sides of the body of Hydra.
8. Eggs are produced here.
Down
2. Sperms are produced in these male reproductive organs.
3. Another term for the fertilised egg.
4. These animals for the fertilised egg.
5. A type of fission in Amoeba.
Answer:
Text Book Exercise
Exercise - Question:
1. Explain the importance of reproduction in organisms.
Answer : The producuction of new individuals from their parrents is known as reproducation. Reproduction is very important as reproduction is very important as it ensures the continuation of similar kinds of individuals, generation after generation. if reproduction process does not exist,the generation of living beings will be vanished from the earth.
2. Describe the the process of fertilization in human beings.
Answer : In human beings, sexual reproduction occurs in which reproduction results from the fusion of male and female gametes. the male reproductive organs are a pair of testes, sperm ducts and penis. The testes produce the male gametes called sperm Millions of sperm are produced by the testes. Through the sperms are very small in size, each has a head, a middle piece and a tail. Each sperm is a single cell with all the usual cell compomnents.The female reproductive oragans are a pair ofovaries, oviducts and the uterus. Ovary produces female gametes called ova (eggs). In human beings, single matured egg is released into the oviduct by one the ovaries every month. Uterus is the part where development of the baby takes place. Like sperm, egg is also a single cell. The first step in the process of reproduction is the fusion of a sperm and ovum. Millions of sperm from the male are transferred into the female body. The sperm swim in the oviduct with the help of their tails to reach the egg. When they come in contact with the egg, one of the sperms may fuse with the egg. Such bfusion of the egg and the sperm is called fertilization. During fertilization, the nucleus of the sperm and the egg fuse to from a single nucleus. This results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zyote. The new individual inherits some charactristics from the mothe and some charecteristics from the father.
3. Choose the most appropriate answer:
(a) Internal fertilization occurs
(i) in female body.
(ii) outside female body.
(iii) in male body.
(iv) outside male body.
Answer : (i) in female body.
(b) A tadpole develops into an adult frog by the process of
(i) fertilization.
(ii) metamorphosis.
(iii) embedding.
(iv) budding.
Answer : (ii) metamorphosis.
(c) The number of nuclei present in a zygote is
(i) none.
(ii) one.
(iii) two.
(iv) four.
Answer : (ii) one.
4. Indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):
(a) Oviparous animals give birth to young ones. ( )
(b) Each sperm is a single cell. ( )
(c) External fertilization takes place in frog. ( )
(d) A new human individual develops from a cell called gamete. ( )
(e) Egg laid after fertilization is made up of a single cell. ( )
(f) Amoeba reproduces by budding. ( )
(g) Fertilization is necessary even in asexual reproduction. ( )
(h) Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction. ( )
(i) A zygote is formed as a result of fertilization. ( )
(j) An embryo is made up of a single cell. ( )
Answer : (a) (F), (b) (T), (c) (T), (d) (T), (e) (T), (f) (F), (g) (T), (h) (T), (i) (T), (j) (F).
5. Give two difference between a zygote and a foetus.
Answer : When fertilization takes place, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus, which results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zyote. Zygote now begins to develop into an embryo. The embryo continues to develop in the uterus and produces body parts such as hands, legs, head, eyes, ears, etc. The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts are indentified ids called foeuts.
6. Define asexual reproduction. Describe two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.
Answer : The type of reproduction in which on;y a single parent is involved is called asexual reproducation. Asexual reproducation takes place in very small animals like Hydra and microscopic organisms like amoba.
Asexual reproduction in Hydra :
Many bulges are found in the parent body of hydra. These bulges called buds, develops into new individuals.
Make Fig.9.1. Buddings in Hydra
New individuals develop as outgrowths from a single parent. This is why this process is called budding.
Asexual reproducation in Amoeba :
The pseudopodia, an irregular structure in the Amoeba, is for cathing food as well as for movement. It is single-called organism. The reproduction in Amobea begins by division of its nucleus into two nuclei.This is followed by division of its body into two with each part receiving a nucleus. Finally, two amoebae are produced from one Amoeba. This type of asexual reproduction in which animal reproduces by dividing into two individuals is called binary fission.
7. In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get embedded?
Answer : The embryo gets embedded in the wall of the uterus (of female) for further development.
8. What is metamorphosis? Give examples.
Answer : The dra stic change which takes place during the development of an animal is callled metamorphosis. The animals that undergo metamorphosis are (i) silkworm (egg-larva or caterrpillar-pupa - adult), (ii) frog (egg-tadpole larva-adult), etc.
9. Differentiate between internal fertilization and external fertilization.
Anawer : Internal fertilisation :-
(i) The fertilisation that takes place inside the formal body is called internal fertillisation.
(ii) Few eggs are produced.
(iii) This is observed in human beings and other animals such as hen, cows, dogs, etc.
External fertilisation :-
(i) The fertilisation that taken place outside the place body is called external fertillsation.
(ii) Production of large number of eggs and sperms is necessary to ensure fertilisation of at least a few of them.
(iii) This is oberved in frogs, fish, starfish, etc.
10. Complete the crossword puzzle using the hints given below.
Across
1. The process of the garmetes.
6. The type of fertilisation in hen.
7. The term used or bulges observed on the sides of the body of Hydra.
8. Eggs are produced here.
Down
2. Sperms are produced in these male reproductive organs.
3. Another term for the fertilised egg.
4. These animals for the fertilised egg.
5. A type of fission in Amoeba.
Answer:
Additional Questions With Solutions
Additional Questions With Solutions:
Ques: What is reproduction?
Ans: The production of a new individual from parents body is known as reproduction.
Ques: Write the modes of reproduction.
Ans: There are two modes of reproduction.
(i) Sexual Reproduction+
(ii) Asexual reproduction
Ques: Define sexual reproduction.
Ans: The fusion of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction.
Ques: Define asexual reproduction.
Ans: The production of new individual by the involving of only single parent is called asexual reproduction.
Ques: What are sperms?.
Ans: Sperms are male gametes which are produced by testis.
Ques: What is ovum?
Ans: Ovum is female gamete which is produced by female organ ovary.
Ques: Write the names of male reproductive organs.
Ans: Testis and penis.
Ques: Write the names of female reproductive organs.
Ans: Uterus and ovary.
Ques: What is fertilisation?
Ans: Fusion of male gametes sperms and female gametes ovum is called fertilization.
Ques: Write the kinds of fertilisation?
Ans:
(i) External fertilisation
(ii) Internal fertilisation
Ques: What is zygote?
Ans: Fertilised egg is known as zygote
Ques: What is test-tube baby?
Ans: Some women are unable to bear babies due to blockage of oviducts, resulting in ovum can’t reach in uterus for fertilisation. In such cases doctors collect freshly released egg and sperm and kept them together for a few hours for in vitro fertilisation. When fertilisation takes place zygote is allowed to develop for about a week and then it is placed in mother’s uterus. Babies born through this technique are called test-tube babies.
Ques: What is the function of tail in sperm?
Ans: It helps in movement.
Ques: What is foetus?
Ans: The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called a foetus.
Ques: What is metamorphosis?
Ans:The transformation of the larva into adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.
Ques: Give two difference between a zygote and a foetus.
Ans:
Zygote |
Foetus |
|
|
Ques: In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get embedded?
Ans: Embryo gets embedded to the wall of uterus and grows.
Ques:What is metamorphosis? Give examples.
Ans: The transformation of the larva into adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis. For example, Tadpole changes itself into adult by metamorphosis.
Ques: Differentiate between internal fertilization and external fertilization.
Ans:
Internal fertilization |
External fertilization. |
|
|
Ques: What are viviparous animals?
Ans: The animals which give birth to young ones are called viviparous animals.
Ques: What are oviparous animals?
Ans: Those animals which lay eggs are called oviparous animals.
Ques: Write one difference between viviparous animals and oviparous animals
Ans:
Viviparous animals – These give birth their child.
Oviparous animals – These lay eggs to born new one.
Ques: what is asexual reproduction? Explain two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.
Ans: The reproduction in which only a single parent is involved is called asexual reproduction. There are two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.
(i) Budding - Since new individuals develop from the buds in hydra, this type of asexual reproduction is called budding.
(ii) Binary fission - reproduction in which an animal reproduces by dividing into two individuals is called binary fission. This occurs in amoeba.
Ques: Describe life cycle of frog.
Ans: The frogs lay eggs. These are oviparous animals. External fertilization takes place in it. Female frogs give eggs in water and male frogs fall sperm on those eggs. Thus fertilization takes place. The fertilized eggs develop into tadpole and then after the process of metamorphosis they get transformed into adult.
Additional Questions With Solutions
Additional Questions With Solutions:
Ques: What is reproduction?
Ans: The production of a new individual from parents body is known as reproduction.
Ques: Write the modes of reproduction.
Ans: There are two modes of reproduction.
(i) Sexual Reproduction+
(ii) Asexual reproduction
Ques: Define sexual reproduction.
Ans: The fusion of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction.
Ques: Define asexual reproduction.
Ans: The production of new individual by the involving of only single parent is called asexual reproduction.
Ques: What are sperms?.
Ans: Sperms are male gametes which are produced by testis.
Ques: What is ovum?
Ans: Ovum is female gamete which is produced by female organ ovary.
Ques: Write the names of male reproductive organs.
Ans: Testis and penis.
Ques: Write the names of female reproductive organs.
Ans: Uterus and ovary.
Ques: What is fertilisation?
Ans: Fusion of male gametes sperms and female gametes ovum is called fertilization.
Ques: Write the kinds of fertilisation?
Ans:
(i) External fertilisation
(ii) Internal fertilisation
Ques: What is zygote?
Ans: Fertilised egg is known as zygote
Ques: What is test-tube baby?
Ans: Some women are unable to bear babies due to blockage of oviducts, resulting in ovum can’t reach in uterus for fertilisation. In such cases doctors collect freshly released egg and sperm and kept them together for a few hours for in vitro fertilisation. When fertilisation takes place zygote is allowed to develop for about a week and then it is placed in mother’s uterus. Babies born through this technique are called test-tube babies.
Ques: What is the function of tail in sperm?
Ans: It helps in movement.
Ques: What is foetus?
Ans: The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called a foetus.
Ques: What is metamorphosis?
Ans:The transformation of the larva into adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.
Ques: Give two difference between a zygote and a foetus.
Ans:
Zygote |
Foetus |
|
|
Ques: In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get embedded?
Ans: Embryo gets embedded to the wall of uterus and grows.
Ques:What is metamorphosis? Give examples.
Ans: The transformation of the larva into adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis. For example, Tadpole changes itself into adult by metamorphosis.
Ques: Differentiate between internal fertilization and external fertilization.
Ans:
Internal fertilization |
External fertilization. |
|
|
Ques: What are viviparous animals?
Ans: The animals which give birth to young ones are called viviparous animals.
Ques: What are oviparous animals?
Ans: Those animals which lay eggs are called oviparous animals.
Ques: Write one difference between viviparous animals and oviparous animals
Ans:
Viviparous animals – These give birth their child.
Oviparous animals – These lay eggs to born new one.
Ques: what is asexual reproduction? Explain two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.
Ans: The reproduction in which only a single parent is involved is called asexual reproduction. There are two methods of asexual reproduction in animals.
(i) Budding - Since new individuals develop from the buds in hydra, this type of asexual reproduction is called budding.
(ii) Binary fission - reproduction in which an animal reproduces by dividing into two individuals is called binary fission. This occurs in amoeba.
Ques: Describe life cycle of frog.
Ans: The frogs lay eggs. These are oviparous animals. External fertilization takes place in it. Female frogs give eggs in water and male frogs fall sperm on those eggs. Thus fertilization takes place. The fertilized eggs develop into tadpole and then after the process of metamorphosis they get transformed into adult.
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Science Chapter List
1. Crop Production And Management
2. Microorganisms : Friend And Foe
3. Synthetic Fibres And Plastics
4. Materials : Metals And Non-Metals
5. Coal And Petroleum
6. Combustion And Flame
7. Conservation of Plants And Animals
8. Cell - Structure and functions
9. Reproduction in animals
10. Reaching the age of adolescence
11. Force And Pressure
12. Friction
13. Sound
14. Chemical Effects of Electric Current
15. Some Natural Phenomena
16. Light
17. Stars And The Solar System
18. Pollution of Air and Water
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