Exercise - Question:

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Que: Answer the following questions.

(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?

(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?

(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest.

(iv) In which part of the world are tropical deciduous forest found?

(v) In which climatic conditions are citrus fruits cultivated?

(vi) Mention the uses of coniferous forest.

(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland found?

Ans:

(i) Tempreature and moisture.                                                   

(ii) (a) Forest, (b) grassland and (c) thorny shrubs scrubs.                         

(iii) Rosewood and ebony.                                                       

(iv) India, northen Australia and in central America.                               

(v) (a) Hot dry summers and (b) rainy mild winters.                               

(vi) (a) Wood is used to make pulp, which is useful for making paper and news print. (b) To make matchbox.                                                           

(c) To make packing box.                                                         

(d) Decorative pieces.                                                           

(vii) Seasonal grasslandare found in the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior parts of the continents.             

Que: Tick the correct answer.

(i) Mosses and Lichens are found in:

(a) Desertic Vegetation

(b) Tropical evergreen forest

(c) Tundra vegetation

(ii) Thorny bushes are found in:

(a) Hot and humid tropical climate

(b) Hot and dry desertic climate

(c) Cold polar climate

(iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is:

(a) Monkey

(b) Girraffe

(c) Camel

(iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is:

(a) Rosewood

(b) Pine

(c) Teak

(v) Steppe grassland is found in

(a) S. Africa

(b) Australia

(c) Central Asia

Ans:

(i) - (c)

(ii) - (b)

(iii) - (a)

(iv) - (b)

(v) - (c)

Que: Match the following.

(i) Walrus                          (a) Soft wood tree

(ii) Cedar                          (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest

(iii) Olives                        (c) A polar animal

(iv) Elephants                  (d) Temperate grassland in Australia

(v) Campos                      (e) Thorny shrubs

(vi) Downs                        (f) A citrus fruit

                                          (g) Tropical grassland of Brazil

Ans:

Column I	Column II
(i) Walrus	(c) A polar animal
(ii) Cedar	(a) Soft wood tree
(iii) Olives	(f) Acitrus fruit
(iv) Elephant	(b) An animal of tropical decidous forest
(v) Campos	(g) A tropical grassland of brazil
(vi) Downs	(d) Tempreature grassland in Australia

Que: Give reasons.

(i) The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin.

(ii) Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.

(iii) The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.

Ans:              

(i) To protect themselves from the cold clamitic conditions.                         

(ii) To conserve water.                                                           

(iii) Because of the variation in tempreature, moisture, slope and thickness of soil.   

Additional - Question:

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Que: Now can you tell why Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher? What type of vegetation did she see in the Himalayas starting with the foothills and going to the higher altitudes? 

Ans: Salima saw changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher and higher because of the following reasons:

1. Change in a climate with an increase in height.

2. Slope

3. The thickness of the soil.

Types of vegetation she saw

1. Sal and teak forests

2. Coniferous forests

3. Rhodo-dendrous

4. Short grass

Que: Like Salima, when you go to visit any new place, notice the type of natural vegetation occurring there and try to think of factors responsible for the growth of such vegetation in that habitat.
Note down if any human interference has taken place in that area in terms of deforestation, grazing, cultivation of cash crops, constructional activities, etc. 

Ans: In October to Nainital.

• Alpine and Montane vegetation.

Factors:

• Cold climate.
• Heavy rainfall.
• Mountainous soil.

Yes, for habitation and commercial activities.

Que: Where in India do tropical evergreen and tropical deciduous forests occur? Name the states.
Which type of forest dominates most parts of India?
Ans: 

1. Western slopes of western ghats, N.E. India—Tropical evergreen (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, and N.E. states)

2. Central India—Deciduous (M.P., Chhattisgarh), Jharkhand etc.

3. Tropical Deciduous.

Que: Look around in your surroundings and find out the articles made of hardwood and softwood.
Find out and learn the names of few trees of your locality. 

Ans:

Hardwood: Steppers, bridges, furniture, doors, windows.

Softwood: Matches, packing material, false ceiling, boats etc.
Mango, neem, jamun, shisham, kikar, peepal, sal.

Que: Can you name the great desert of India? Name some of the common animals of the desert. 

Ans:

Thar is the great Indian desert.
Camel, Snakes, lizards and many insects are found here.

Que: How is height of land and the character of vegetation related with each other? 
Ans: With the change in height the climate changes and that changes natural vegetation.

Que: Where are shrubs found?

Ans: Shrubs are found in the dry regions.

Que: Why do trees of tropical evergreen forests not shed their leaves altogether?

Ans: It is because there is no particular dry season.

Que: What is the special feature of tropical evergreen forests?

Ans: Thick canopies of the closely spaced trees are found here. As a result sunlight do not reach inside the forest.

Que: Name the trees found in the tropical deciduous forests.

Ans: Sal, teak, neem and shisham.

Que: Where are temperate evergreen forests located?

Ans: These forests are located in the mid-latitudinal coastal region.

Que: Why are only citrus fruits cultivated in Mediterranean regions? 

Ans: It is because people have removed the natural vegetation in order to cultivate citrus fruits.

Que: Mention one special feature of coniferous forests.

Ans: These forests have tall and softwood evergreen trees.

Que: Name the animals found, in the coniferous forests.

Ans: Silver fox, mink, and polar bear.

Que: Name the animals found in tropical grasslands. ,

Ans: Elephants, zebras, giraffes, dear and leopards.

Que: Where are Savannah grasslands found?

Ans: They are found in East Africa.

Que: Where are Llanos grasslands found?

Ans: They are found in Venezuela.

Que: Which type of grassland Prairie is?

Ans: Prairie is temperate grassland.

Que: Where are tropical deserts located?

Ans: They are located on the western margins of the continents.

Que: Name some animals found in polar regions.

Ans: Seal, walruses, musk-oxen, Arctic owl, polar bear, and snow foxes.

Que: Mention the major features of tropical evergreen forests.

Ans: Major features of tropical evergreen forests are:

• These forests are so dense that thick canopies are developed which do not allow the sunlight to penetrate inside the forest.
• As there is no particular dry season, the trees do not shed their leaves altogether. This keeps the forest evergreen.
• Hardwood trees such as rosewood, ebony and mahogany are found here.

Que: Mention the features of Mediterranean trees.

Ans: These trees adapt themselves to dry summers with the help of their thick barks and wax-coated leaves which help them reduce transportation.

Que: Write a short note tropical grasslands. 

Ans: Tropical grasslands occur on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics. This vegetation grows in the areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall. The grass can grow very tall, about 3 to 4 metres in height. Savannah grasslands of Africa are of this type. Common animals found here are elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer and leopards.

Que: Give cm account of the natural vegetation and wildlife found in the polar regions.

Ans: Polar regions are extremely cold. Therefore the growth of natural vegetation is very limited here. Only mosses, lichens and veiy small shrubs are found here. They grow during the very short summer. This is called Tundra type of vegetation. This vegetation is found in the polar areas of Europe, Asia and North America. The animals found here have thick fur and thick skin which protect them from the cold climatic conditions. Seal, walruses, musk-oxen, Arctic owl, Polar bear and snow foxes are some of the animals found in these regions.

Que: Discuss various types of forests. 

Ans: Types of forests:                                                                                ,

1. Tropical evergreen forests

2. Tropical deciduous forests

3. Temperate evergreen forests

4. Temperate deciduous forests

5. Mediterranean vegetation

6. Coniferous forests

1. Tropical evergreen forests. These forest are very dense and found in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics. These regions receive heavy rain throughout the year. The trees of these forests do not shed their leaves altogether and therefore they remain green all the time. Hardwood trees like rosewood, ebony and mahogany are found here.

2. Tropical deciduous forests. These forest are found in the regions which experience seasonal changes. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water. The hardwood trees like sal, teak, neem and shisham are found here. Animals like tigers, lions, elephants, langoors and monkeys are common in these forests.