16. GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT

Chapter-review:

• Landfill is an area where the garbage collected from a city or town is dumped. The area is later converted into a park.
• The garbage has both useful and nonuseful components. The non-useful component is separated out. It is then spread over the landfill and then covered with a layer of soil.
• Our daily activities produce garbages. 
• For the next 20 years or so, no building is constructed on landfill.
• To deal with some of the useful components of garbage, compost making areas are developed near the landfill.
• The rotting and conversion of some materials into manure is called ‘composting’.
• In some cities and towns muncipalities provide separate dustbins for collecting two kinds of garbage. 
• Usually one is coloured blue and the other green. The blue bin is for materials that can be used again — such as plastics, metals and glass.
• The green bins are for collecting kitchen and other plant or animal wastes.
• The burnning the husk, dried leaves and part of crop plants in their fields after harvesting by the farmers. Burning of these, produces smoke and gases that are harmful to our health.
• The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called
  vermicomposting.
• Redworms have a structure called ‘gizzard’, which helps them in grinding their food.

Exercise:

Que1: (a) Which kind of garbage is not converted into compost by the redworms?

(b) Have you seen any other organism besides redworms, in your pit? If yes, try to find out their names. Draw pictures of these.

Ans: (a) Non bio - degradable waste like piece of synthetic cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium weappers, nails and broken toys cannot be converted into compost by the redworms.

(b) Besides redworms there are spiders, smalll bugs, files, moulds and insects etc. can be seen in the pit. Compost is also rich of microbes which can't be seen with unaided eye.

Que2: Discuss :

(a) Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of the government?

(b) Is it possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal of garbage?

Ans: (a) Garbage Disposal is the responsidility of every citizen. If we continue to generate so much garbage, the spreading diseases will increase at large scle. Non - biodegradable waste like plastic, polybags also add also harmful factors to environment. We must ensure ways to reduce generation of garbage. Wherever possible, we must use recyclable material in our daily use.

(b) Yes it is possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal to a large extent. We should use those materials which are recyclable and avoid or reduce the use non - bioegradable materials. While throwing out garbage in trash can, we should separate bioderdable waste from non - bioegradable and throw them in saparate bins

Que3: (a) What do you do with the left over food at home?

(b) If you and your friends are given the choice of eating in a plastic plate or a banana leaf platter at a party, which one would you prefer and why?

Ans: 

(a) We use to feed animals with leftover food.

(b) Banana leaf is a better choice. It is bio - degradable and can be disposed easily. On other hand, eating in plastic plate is not good as plastic in non - bioegradable, it will not dispose - off easily. 

4. (a) Collect pieces of different kinds of paper. Find out which of these can be recycled.

(b) With the help of a lens look at the pieces of paper you collected for the above question. Do you see any difference in the material of recycled paper and a new sheet of paper ?

Ans: 

(a) Most of the paper available in market are recyclable i.e. newspaper, notebook, magazins, paper sheets, envelopes etc.

(b) The bifference between new sheet and recycle paper is quite clear. Usually handmade recycled paper is of rough quality.

5. (a) Collect different kinds of packaging material. What was the purpose for which each one was used? Discuss in groups.

(b) Give an example in which packaging could have been reduced?

(c) Write a story on how packaging increases the amount of garbage.

Ans: 

(a) Different kinds of packaging materails used commonly are:

• cardboard - used as shoe, soap, bulb and other boxes.
• plastic bags - Toys cover, sarees bags, shopping bags, etc.
• Wooden boxes - Fruit baskets and boxes for hardware.
• jute bags - School bags, shopping bags, vegetable bags etc.

(b) By reusing the packaging material, we can reduced packaging material.

(c) The basic purpose of packaging is to protect the product from tampering and to maintain its freshness. However, most of the packaging material is used to beautify the boxes and make them look attractive on the shelves. Unfortunately a large volume of packaging material goes waste and is thrown into dustbin. For example, in most of the places, the dustbins are full of chips and biscuits wrappers. It unnecessarily increases the amount of garbage. It also increase the cost of the product ue to unnecessary packaging. We should seriously consider how to reduse unncessary packaging. 

6. Do you think it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilisers? Why?

Ans: No doubt compost is better to use them chemical fertilizers due to following reasons:

• Compost is much easier to prepare.
• Compost is environment friendly whereas fertilizers can harm  our health and the environment.
• Compost does not pollute oue environment.
• Compost decomposes bio - degradable waste into natural soil. It consrves our environment. 

Chapter-16. Air And Water Pollutions

Ques: What is landfill? 

Ans: The area where collected garbage from a city or town is diumped is called landfill. 

Ques: What is garbage? 

Ans: The wastages generated from our day to day actvities are called garbage. 

Ques: Classify the garbages on the basis of uses. 

Ans: Garbages are classified into two part on the basis of uses. 

(i) Useful components 

(ii) Non-useful components

Ques: How long is landfill is not used for building construction? 

Ans: Landfill is not used for building construction for next 20 years. 

Ques: Which types of garbages are dumped in landfill? 

Ans: Non-useful components are dumped in landfill. 

Ques: What indicates the black colour and no foul smell of garbages? 

Ans:  the black colour and no foul smell of garbages indicates that rotting of garbages is completed. 

Ques: What is composting? 

Ans: The rotting and conversion of some materials into manure is called ‘composting’.

Ques: What is the role of separates dustbins to collect garbages? 

Ans: In some cities and towns muncipalities provide separate dustbins for collecting two kinds of garbage. Usually one is coloured blue and the other green. The blue bin is for materials that can be used again — such as plastics, metals and glass. The green bins are for collecting kitchen and other plant or animal wastes.

Ques: For what materials blue bins are used ? 

Ans: The blue bin is for materials that can be used again — such as plastics, metals and glass.

Ques: For what materials green bins are used ? 

Ans: The green bins are used for collecting kitchen and other plant or animal wastes.

Ques: What are the features of materials which are collected in green bins? 

Ans: 

(i) These are mostly kitchen, plants and animals wastes.

(ii) They rot (decompose) completely. 

(iii) They do not harm environment. 

(iv) These are used for making manures.